1,059 research outputs found

    La traduzione specializzata all’opera per una piccola impresa in espansione: la mia esperienza di internazionalizzazione in cinese di Bioretics© S.r.l.

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    Global markets are currently immersed in two all-encompassing and unstoppable processes: internationalization and globalization. While the former pushes companies to look beyond the borders of their country of origin to forge relationships with foreign trading partners, the latter fosters the standardization in all countries, by reducing spatiotemporal distances and breaking down geographical, political, economic and socio-cultural barriers. In recent decades, another domain has appeared to propel these unifying drives: Artificial Intelligence, together with its high technologies aiming to implement human cognitive abilities in machinery. The “Language Toolkit – Le lingue straniere al servizio dell’internazionalizzazione dell’impresa” project, promoted by the Department of Interpreting and Translation (ForlĂŹ Campus) in collaboration with the Romagna Chamber of Commerce (ForlĂŹ-Cesena and Rimini), seeks to help Italian SMEs make their way into the global market. It is precisely within this project that this dissertation has been conceived. Indeed, its purpose is to present the translation and localization project from English into Chinese of a series of texts produced by Bioretics© S.r.l.: an investor deck, the company website and part of the installation and use manual of the Aliquis© framework software, its flagship product. This dissertation is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents the project and the company in detail; Chapter 2 outlines the internationalization and globalization processes and the Artificial Intelligence market both in Italy and in China; Chapter 3 provides the theoretical foundations for every aspect related to Specialized Translation, including website localization; Chapter 4 describes the resources and tools used to perform the translations; Chapter 5 proposes an analysis of the source texts; Chapter 6 is a commentary on translation strategies and choices

    Quality of experience and access network traffic management of HTTP adaptive video streaming

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    The thesis focuses on Quality of Experience (QoE) of HTTP adaptive video streaming (HAS) and traffic management in access networks to improve the QoE of HAS. First, the QoE impact of adaptation parameters and time on layer was investigated with subjective crowdsourcing studies. The results were used to compute a QoE-optimal adaptation strategy for given video and network conditions. This allows video service providers to develop and benchmark improved adaptation logics for HAS. Furthermore, the thesis investigated concepts to monitor video QoE on application and network layer, which can be used by network providers in the QoE-aware traffic management cycle. Moreover, an analytic and simulative performance evaluation of QoE-aware traffic management on a bottleneck link was conducted. Finally, the thesis investigated socially-aware traffic management for HAS via Wi-Fi offloading of mobile HAS flows. A model for the distribution of public Wi-Fi hotspots and a platform for socially-aware traffic management on private home routers was presented. A simulative performance evaluation investigated the impact of Wi-Fi offloading on the QoE and energy consumption of mobile HAS.Die Doktorarbeit beschĂ€ftigt sich mit Quality of Experience (QoE) – der subjektiv empfundenen DienstgĂŒte – von adaptivem HTTP Videostreaming (HAS) und mit Verkehrsmanagement, das in Zugangsnetzwerken eingesetzt werden kann, um die QoE des adaptiven Videostreamings zu verbessern. Zuerst wurde der Einfluss von Adaptionsparameters und der Zeit pro QualitĂ€tsstufe auf die QoE von adaptivem Videostreaming mittels subjektiver Crowdsourcingstudien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden benutzt, um die QoE-optimale Adaptionsstrategie fĂŒr gegebene Videos und Netzwerkbedingungen zu berechnen. Dies ermöglicht Dienstanbietern von Videostreaming verbesserte Adaptionsstrategien fĂŒr adaptives Videostreaming zu entwerfen und zu benchmarken. Weiterhin untersuchte die Arbeit Konzepte zum Überwachen von QoE von Videostreaming in der Applikation und im Netzwerk, die von Netzwerkbetreibern im Kreislauf des QoE-bewussten Verkehrsmanagements eingesetzt werden können. Außerdem wurde eine analytische und simulative Leistungsbewertung von QoE-bewusstem Verkehrsmanagement auf einer Engpassverbindung durchgefĂŒhrt. Schließlich untersuchte diese Arbeit sozialbewusstes Verkehrsmanagement fĂŒr adaptives Videostreaming mittels WLAN Offloading, also dem Auslagern von mobilen VideoflĂŒssen ĂŒber WLAN Netzwerke. Es wurde ein Modell fĂŒr die Verteilung von öffentlichen WLAN Zugangspunkte und eine Plattform fĂŒr sozialbewusstes Verkehrsmanagement auf privaten, hĂ€uslichen WLAN Routern vorgestellt. Abschließend untersuchte eine simulative Leistungsbewertung den Einfluss von WLAN Offloading auf die QoE und den Energieverbrauch von mobilem adaptivem Videostreaming

    Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management

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    This book is a reprint of the Special Issue 'Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management' that was published in the journal Buildings

    Current issues of the management of socio-economic systems in terms of globalization challenges

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    The authors of the scientific monograph have come to the conclusion that the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges requires the use of mechanisms to ensure security, optimise the use of resource potential, increase competitiveness, and provide state support to economic entities. Basic research focuses on assessment of economic entities in the terms of global challenges, analysis of the financial system, migration flows, logistics and product exports, territorial development. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models in the context of global challenges, strategic planning, financial and food security, education management, information technology and innovation. The results of the study can be used in the developing of directions, programmes and strategies for sustainable development of economic entities and regions, increasing the competitiveness of products and services, decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate the processes of managing socio-economic systems. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges

    Consumer Neuroscience e Brand Relationship: misurare l’associazione implicita tra il SĂ© del consumatore e il brand.

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    Il presente elaborato si focalizza sulla connessione tra Consumer Neuroscience e Brand Relationship con un focus specifico sul SĂ© del consumatore, analizzato attraverso uno strumento di misurazione indiretta del comportamento. L’obiettivo Ăš stato quello di contribuire alla validazione e all’utilizzo nel contesto italiano di un SC-IAT per lo studio dell’associazione tra SĂ© e brand, interpretandone i risultati tramite un’analisi di matrice neuroscientifica su stimoli brand-related. Il vantaggio di questo strumento, rispetto allo IAT tradizionale, Ăš quello di poter ‘fotografare’ un’istantanea sulla relazione senza la necessitĂ  di utilizzare una dimensione comparativa. Misurando direttamente la forza dell’associazione tra il concetto del brand e quello del SĂ©. Per farlo, l’autore Ăš passato attraverso fasi distinte che hanno prima indagato gli aspetti puramente psicometrici dello strumento, per dedicarsi successivamente a un test neuroscientifico. I risultati hanno evidenziato delle buone performance del SC-IAT, cosĂŹ pensato, suggerendo approfondimenti futuri e applicazioni a brand dalla differente architettura. Inoltre, l’analisi neurofisiologica ha evidenziato come lo strumento possa risultare efficace nel fornire un’interpretazione aggiuntiva agli indicatori neurofisiologici testati durante la visualizzazione di uno stimolo relativo al brand

    Resilient and Scalable Forwarding for Software-Defined Networks with P4-Programmable Switches

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    Traditional networking devices support only fixed features and limited configurability. Network softwarization leverages programmable software and hardware platforms to remove those limitations. In this context the concept of programmable data planes allows directly to program the packet processing pipeline of networking devices and create custom control plane algorithms. This flexibility enables the design of novel networking mechanisms where the status quo struggles to meet high demands of next-generation networks like 5G, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and industry 4.0. P4 is the most popular technology to implement programmable data planes. However, programmable data planes, and in particular, the P4 technology, emerged only recently. Thus, P4 support for some well-established networking concepts is still lacking and several issues remain unsolved due to the different characteristics of programmable data planes in comparison to traditional networking. The research of this thesis focuses on two open issues of programmable data planes. First, it develops resilient and efficient forwarding mechanisms for the P4 data plane as there are no satisfying state of the art best practices yet. Second, it enables BIER in high-performance P4 data planes. BIER is a novel, scalable, and efficient transport mechanism for IP multicast traffic which has only very limited support of high-performance forwarding platforms yet. The main results of this thesis are published as 8 peer-reviewed and one post-publication peer-reviewed publication. The results cover the development of suitable resilience mechanisms for P4 data planes, the development and implementation of resilient BIER forwarding in P4, and the extensive evaluations of all developed and implemented mechanisms. Furthermore, the results contain a comprehensive P4 literature study. Two more peer-reviewed papers contain additional content that is not directly related to the main results. They implement congestion avoidance mechanisms in P4 and develop a scheduling concept to find cost-optimized load schedules based on day-ahead forecasts

    Responsible Composition and Optimization of Integration Processes under Correctness Preserving Guarantees

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    Enterprise Application Integration deals with the problem of connecting heterogeneous applications, and is the centerpiece of current on-premise, cloud and device integration scenarios. For integration scenarios, structurally correct composition of patterns into processes and improvements of integration processes are crucial. In order to achieve this, we formalize compositions of integration patterns based on their characteristics, and describe optimization strategies that help to reduce the model complexity, and improve the process execution efficiency using design time techniques. Using the formalism of timed DB-nets - a refinement of Petri nets - we model integration logic features such as control- and data flow, transactional data storage, compensation and exception handling, and time aspects that are present in reoccurring solutions as separate integration patterns. We then propose a realization of optimization strategies using graph rewriting, and prove that the optimizations we consider preserve both structural and functional correctness. We evaluate the improvements on a real-world catalog of pattern compositions, containing over 900 integration processes, and illustrate the correctness properties in case studies based on two of these processes.Comment: 37 page

    Security Elites in Egypt and Jordan after the Arab Spring : A Case Study on Securocracies’ Role on National Security, Domestic Power Politics, Regional Order and Middle Eastern Alliance Making between 2011 and 2021

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    The doctoral dissertation studied changes in the balance of power, alliance making and the hegemonic struggles of security elites within a Middle Eastern regional context over a ten year reference period between 2011 and 2021. The study focused on two case study countries: Egypt and Jordan. The results were compared within a historical context to the pre-Arab Spring era. The theoretical approach combined the English School of Thought and Middle Eastern Studies with a conceptual model of securocracy developed by the author. The primary contribution of the research is the realization of the core importance of securocracy within autocratic state systems. Inside securocracies there exists rivalling groups and organisations that counterbalance each other. The study points to the fact that the power struggle between executive powers – either purely domestic one or supported by foreign involvement, is the main driver behind why case study countries were in varying degrees dragged into instability and turmoil in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. Securocracies can be divided into two main types: centralised and decentralised. The centralised model occurs when different elites groups have the same ”distance” to the ruler while having equal privileges and equal access to political power. The model predicts durability and stability of the regime (status quo). In the de-centralised model, there is an ongoing struggle amongst elite groups and “distances” to ruler are not equal, neither are the privileges. In Egypt the hegemonic struggle amongst elites took precedence over the interests and stability of the state after the Arab Spring and has continued since then. The situation at the end of 2021 is a de-centralised model where all executive powers are concentrated within President al-Sisi’s family dynasty (palace) and the leadership of military intelligence. This de-centralised type of securocracy makes Egypt’s situation fragile. Any impact from the outside, such as the Biden administration’s decision to impose additional conditions on U.S. financial military aid, could lead to a new hegemonic struggle challenging al-Sisi’s power. The securocracy’s survival strategy found in the study was the use of vertical power at all levels of the state hierarchy (” the winner takes it all”). In the situation of a power struggle, the ruler uses omni-balancing i.e., alliance making with powerful foreign states in order to gain an advantage against domestic rivals and revisionist regional states. The Egyptian example is al-Sisi’s rapprochement with Russia’s President Putin and his distancing of Egypt from its previous role of being the United States’ loyal Middle Eastern ally. The Jordanian example however, is the opposite, resulting in even closer relations with the United States since January 2021 when the two countries signed an updated Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). The study also highlights that decisions concerning ruler succession in authoritarian states take place behind-the-scenes amongst the securocracy as it, per rule, prefers to choose a member inside its own interest group or alternatively a political figurehead that commits to protect securocracy’s privileged interests in exchange of their own power position. Within the Middle East, the recent U.S. pivot to Asia-Pacific created an opportunity for Russia to make a come-back. Russia, however, does not have the resources to compensate for the loss of U.S. financial military aid to the security elites. This in turn, and with Russia’s consent, has given space for regional state actors, particularly, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi-Arabia, to increase their influence. Gulf support to the regional clients is not free of charge: they request their clients adopt their own threat perceptions, take sides in armed conflicts and contribute to military capabilities which support the sponsors’ regional foreign and security policy goals.VĂ€itöstutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin kymmenen vuoden ajanjaksolla voimatasapainon muutosta LĂ€hi-idĂ€n alueellisessa valtarakenteessa, liittolaissuhteiden muutoksia sekĂ€ turvallisuuseliittien roolia maan sisĂ€isessĂ€ valtataistelussa. Tuloksia verrattiin historiallisessa kontekstissa arabikevĂ€ttĂ€ edeltĂ€vÀÀn aikaan kahdessa tapaustutkimusmaassa: EgyptissĂ€ ja Jordaniassa. TeoriaviitekehyksenĂ€ sovellettiin Englantilaisen koulukunnan ja LĂ€hi-idĂ€n tutkimuksen teoriamalleja, sekĂ€ tutkijan kehittelemÀÀ sekurokratian konseptuaalista mallia. Tutkimuksen keskeinen tulos on havainto sekurokratian merkittĂ€vĂ€stĂ€ roolista osana autoritaarista valtiomallia. Sekurokratian sisĂ€lle on luotu useita toinen toistaan tasapainottavia ryhmittymiĂ€. Tapaustutkimusmaiden arabikevÀÀn jĂ€lkeisen turvallisuustilanteen muutoksia selittĂ€vien tekijöiden joukossa turvallisuuseliittien valtakamppailu nousi merkittĂ€vÀÀn rooliin. Valtakamppailua kĂ€ytiin eliittien kesken joko pelkĂ€stÀÀn maan sisĂ€llĂ€ tai vaihtoehtoisesti osin myös valtion ulkopuolisten voimien tukemana. Tutkimuksen perusteella sekurokratiat voidaan jakaa kahteen pÀÀtyyppiin: keskitettyyn ja hajautettuun malliin. Jos eri turvallisuuseliitti-ryhmien edut, vallankĂ€yttö ja etĂ€isyys vallan keskipisteeseen ovat tasapainossa puhutaan keskitetyn sekurokratian mallista, mikĂ€ ennustaa vallassa olevan regiimin pysyvyyttĂ€ ja vakautta. Jos taas sekurokratian rakenne on hajautetun mallin mukainen, sen valtakamppailu voi johtaa yhden osan pyrkimyksiin hegemonia-asemasta. Egyptin tapauksessa arabikevÀÀn jĂ€lkeinen turvallisuuseliittien valtakamppailu asetettiin maan vakauden edelle ja eliittien valtakamppailu on jatkunut tĂ€hĂ€n pĂ€ivÀÀn. Tilanteessa vuoden 2021 lopussa valta on al-Sisin perhedynastialla ja sotilastiedustelun eliitillĂ€ (hajautettu malli). Hajautettu malli ei ennusta pitkĂ€aikaista vallassa pysymistĂ€; vahva ulkopuolinen herĂ€te, esimerkiksi Bidenin hallinnon sotilaallisen talousavun lopettaminen voisi johtaa uuteen valtakamppailuun ja al-Sisin valta-aseman haastamiseen. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, ettĂ€ sekurokratoiden selviytymisstrategiana on vallanvertikaalin kĂ€yttö valtiohallinnon eri tasoilla. Valtakamppailun tilanteessa kĂ€ytetÀÀn tasapainotusstrategiaa (omni-balancing), missĂ€ alueellisia vahvoja valtioita ja suurvaltoja pyritÀÀn yhdistĂ€mÀÀn hallitsijan puolelle kilpailevia eliittiryhmittymiĂ€ tai revisionistisia ulkovaltoja vastaan. EgyptissĂ€ presidentti al-Sisin valtaannousu johti maan lĂ€hentymiseen presidentti Putinin VenĂ€jĂ€n kanssa sekĂ€ etÀÀntymiseen aiemmasta Yhdysvalloille uskollisen LĂ€hi-idĂ€n liittolaisen roolista. Jordaniassa puolestaan maa on nyt entistĂ€ tiiviimmin liittoutunut Yhdysvaltojen kanssa. EsimerkkinĂ€ tĂ€stĂ€ on tammikuussa 2021 maiden kesken solmittu sotilasyhteistyötĂ€ ja jordanialaisten tukikohtien kĂ€yttöÀ sÀÀtelevĂ€ isĂ€ntĂ€maatuki-sopimus. Tutkimustulosten valossa autoritaariselle vallanperimykselle tyypillistĂ€ on se, ettĂ€ julkisuuteen nĂ€kymĂ€ttömĂ€n sisĂ€isen valtakamppailun jĂ€lkeen uudeksi valtionpÀÀmieheksi pyritÀÀn nostamaan sekurokratian sisĂ€ltĂ€ sen oman intressiryhmĂ€n edustaja, tai vaihtoehtoisesti sekurokratian valitsema ulkopuolinen poliitikko, jonka vastuulle korporaation intressien vaaliminen lankeaa vastapalveluksena sekurokratian tuesta keulakuva-poliitikon vallassa pitĂ€miseksi. Alueellisen turvallisuusjĂ€rjestyksen osalta tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat sen, ettĂ€ Yhdysvaltojen painopisteen siirto Tyynellemerelle vii ja Aasiaan on antanut VenĂ€jĂ€lle mahdollisuuden palauttaa vaikutusvaltaansa LĂ€hiitÀÀn. VenĂ€jĂ€llĂ€ ei kuitenkaan ole resursseja kompensoida Yhdysvaltojen arabivaltioiden turvallisuuseliiteille allokoimaa taloudellista tukea. TĂ€mĂ€ on antanut tilaa alueellisten toimijoiden kuten Yhdistyneiden arabiemiirikuntien ja Saudi-Arabian vaikutusvallan kasvattamiselle - tosin VenĂ€jĂ€n hyvĂ€ksynnĂ€llĂ€. Tuki ei myöskÀÀn tule ilmaiseksi, sillĂ€ sponsorit edellyttĂ€vĂ€t, ettĂ€ niille alisteisessa asemassa olevat maat omaksuvat tukijavaltioidensa uhkakuvat, sekĂ€ konfliktitilanteissa kontribuoivat sotilaallisia kyvykkyyksiĂ€ nĂ€iden valtioiden ulko- ja turvallisuuspoliittisten pÀÀmÀÀrien saavuttamiseksi
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