29,949 research outputs found
Selection of the key earth observation sensors and platforms focusing on applications for Polar Regions in the scope of Copernicus system 2020-2030
An optimal payload selection conducted in the frame of the H2020 ONION project (id 687490) is presented based on the ability to cover the observation needs of the Copernicus system in the time period 2020â2030. Payload selection is constrained by the variables that can be measured, the power consumption, and weight of the instrument, and the required accuracy and spatial resolution (horizontal or vertical). It involved 20 measurements with observation gaps according to the user requirements that were detected in the top 10 use cases in the scope of Copernicus space infrastructure, 9 potential applied technologies, and 39 available commercial platforms. Additional Earth Observation (EO) infrastructures are proposed to reduce measurements gaps, based on a weighting system that assigned high relevance for measurements associated to Marine for Weather Forecast over Polar Regions. This study concludes with a rank and mapping of the potential technologies and the suitable commercial platforms to cover most of the requirements of the top ten use cases, analyzing the Marine for Weather Forecast, Sea Ice Monitoring, Fishing Pressure, and Agriculture and Forestry: Hydric stress as the priority use cases.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
ASIME 2018 White Paper. In-Space Utilisation of Asteroids: Asteroid Composition -- Answers to Questions from the Asteroid Miners
In keeping with the Luxembourg government's initiative to support the future
use of space resources, ASIME 2018 was held in Belval, Luxembourg on April
16-17, 2018.
The goal of ASIME 2018: Asteroid Intersections with Mine Engineering, was to
focus on asteroid composition for advancing the asteroid in-space resource
utilisation domain. What do we know about asteroid composition from
remote-sensing observations? What are the potential caveats in the
interpretation of Earth-based spectral observations? What are the next steps to
improve our knowledge on asteroid composition by means of ground-based and
space-based observations and asteroid rendez-vous and sample return missions?
How can asteroid mining companies use this knowledge?
ASIME 2018 was a two-day workshop of almost 70 scientists and engineers in
the context of the engineering needs of space missions with in-space asteroid
utilisation. The 21 Questions from the asteroid mining companies were sorted
into the four asteroid science themes: 1) Potential Targets, 2)
Asteroid-Meteorite Links, 3) In-Situ Measurements and 4) Laboratory
Measurements. The Answers to those Questions were provided by the scientists
with their conference presentations and collected by A. Graps or edited
directly into an open-access collaborative Google document or inserted by A.
Graps using additional reference materials. During the ASIME 2018, first day
and second day Wrap-Ups, the answers to the questions were discussed further.
New readers to the asteroid mining topic may find the Conversation boxes and
the Mission Design discussions especially interesting.Comment: Outcome from the ASIME 2018: Asteroid Intersections with Mine
Engineering, Luxembourg. April 16-17, 2018. 65 Pages. arXiv admin note:
substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.0070
Improving estimates of inequality and poverty from urban Chinaâs household income and expenditure survey
In urban China the Household Income and Expenditure Survey requires respondents to keep a daily expenditure diary for a full 12-month period. This onerous reporting task makes it difficult to recruit households into the survey, compromising the representative nature of the sample. In this article we use data on the monthly expenditures of households from two urban areas of China to see if data collection short-cuts, such as extrapolating to annual totals from expenditure reports in only some months of the year, would harm the accuracy of annual expenditure, inequality and poverty estimates. Our results show that replacing 12-month diaries with simple extrapolations from either one, two, four or six months would cause a sharp increase in estimates of annual inequality and poverty. This finding also undermines international comparisons of inequality statistics because no country other than China uses such comprehensive 12-month expenditure records. But a corrected form of extrapolation, based on correlations between the same householdâs expenditures in different months of the year, gives much smaller errors in estimates of inequality and poverty
Voltage Multistability and Pulse Emergency Control for Distribution System with Power Flow Reversal
High levels of penetration of distributed generation and aggressive reactive
power compensation may result in the reversal of power flows in future
distribution grids. The voltage stability of these operating conditions may be
very different from the more traditional power consumption regime. This paper
focused on demonstration of multistability phenomenon in radial distribution
systems with reversed power flow, where multiple stable equilibria co-exist at
the given set of parameters. The system may experience transitions between
different equilibria after being subjected to disturbances such as short-term
losses of distributed generation or transient faults. Convergence to an
undesirable equilibrium places the system in an emergency or \textit{in
extremis} state. Traditional emergency control schemes are not capable of
restoring the system if it gets entrapped in one of the low voltage equilibria.
Moreover, undervoltage load shedding may have a reverse action on the system
and can induce voltage collapse. We propose a novel pulse emergency control
strategy that restores the system to the normal state without any interruption
of power delivery. The results are validated with dynamic simulations of IEEE
-bus feeder performed with SystemModeler software. The dynamic models can
be also used for characterization of the solution branches via a novel approach
so-called the admittance homotopy power flow method.Comment: 13 pages, 22 figures. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2015, in pres
Intention to Revisit the Mountain Destination Based on Risk Perception Through Tourism Experience and Satisfaction
Purpose: The goal of this study is to look at tourist plans to return to mountain places by integrating their previous experience and satisfaction with the risks that exist as part of the decision-making process.
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Design/Methodology/Approach: The questionnaire data was disseminated through online media to residents of Bandung, West Java, who had visited mountain tourist locations at random. There is a total of 328 possible responses. Only 318 were utilized to process data. AMOS 22.0 and SPSS 23.0 were used to analyze the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). After doing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the measurement model, the structural linkages were investigated and the hypotheses were assessed. A bootstrap method was also used to test indirect effects.
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Findings: Physical and performance concerns have a significant impact on the visitor experience than financial risks. Despite the lack of significance, the perception of financial risk has a significantly different impact on tourist satisfaction than physical risk and performance. Tourist satisfaction has a significant impact on return intention, but tourist experience has a little impact. Tourist experience moderates a significant relationship between physical risk and performance, as well as revisit intention and intention to return, but not financial risk. The relationship between perceived financial risk and the likelihood of returning can be mediated by visitor satisfaction. This suggests that the financial risk will have a substantial impact on customer satisfaction and will play a role in tourists' decision to return. The perception of performance risk might have an indirect effect on the decision to return based on previous experience and satisfaction
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Practical implications: The conclusions of this study provide guidance to government officials, tourism managers, marketing managers, and community members on how to better manage tourist attractions in mountain areas.
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Original/Value: There are currently just a few studies linking perceived danger, experience, and satisfaction to revisit intentions, therefore this research significantly adds to the body of knowledge. The research gaps identified in this study can be filled by developing the construct into a model, which will also advance related concepts
Implementing CSR through partnerships: Understanding the selection, design and institutionalisation of nonprofit-business partnerships
Partnerships between businesses and nonprofit organisations are an increasingly prominent element of corporate social responsibility implementation. The paper is based on two in depth partnership case studies (Earthwatch-Rio Tinto and Princeâs Trust-Royal Bank of Scotland) that move beyond a simple stage model to reveal the deeper level micro-processes in the selection, design and institutionalisation of business-NGO partnerships. The suggested practice-tested model is followed by a discussion that highlights management issues within partnership implementation and a practical Partnership Test to assist managers in testing both the accountability and level of institutionalisation of the relationship in order to address any possible skill gaps. Understanding how CSR partnerships are implemented in practice contributes to the broader CSR and partnership literatures a context specific level of detail in a systematic way that allows for transferable learning in both theory and practice
The transformation of transport policy in Great Britain? 'New Realism' and New Labour's decade of displacement activity
In a 1999 paper, Goodwin announced âthe transformation of transport policy in Great Britainâ. His central point was that consensus was emerging among policy makers and academics based on earlier work including Transport: The New Realism, which rejected previous orthodoxy that the supply of road space could and should be continually expanded to match demand. Instead a combination of investment in public transport, walking and cycling opportunities and â crucially â demand management should form the basis of transport policy to address rising vehicle use and associated increases in congestion and pollution / carbon emissions. This thinking formed the basis of the 1997 Labour governmentâs âsustainable transportâ policy, but after 13 years in power ministers neither transformed policy nor tackled longstanding transport trends. Our main aim in this paper is to revisit the concept of New Realism and re-examine its potential utility as an agent of change in British transport policy. Notwithstanding the outcome of Labourâs approach to transport policy, we find that the central tenets of the New Realism remain robust and that the main barriers to change are related to broader political and governance issues which suppress radical policy innovation
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