64,697 research outputs found

    Paperless Food Assistance: The Impact of Electronic Benefits on Program Participation

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    Food Stamp Program, Electronic Benefits, Program Participation, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, I38, C23, C25,

    What are the Enduring Effects of Fertilizer Subsidy Programs on Recipient Farm Households? Evidence from Malawi

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    Replaced with revised version of paper 08/23/11.fertilizer subsidies, Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa, endogeneity, panel data, International Development, Political Economy, C23, C26, Q12, Q13, Q18,

    CAP IMPACTS ON LABOUR USE IN EAST GERMAN AGRICULTURE

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    Agricultural employment, Dynamic panel data models, Common Agricultural Policy, East Germany, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Q18, J43, C23,

    Targeting essential gene utilizing RNA interference to protect the ailing shrimp/prawn industry against WSSV

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    The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) remains to be the most widespread and devastating infectious agent that has hit particularly the marine shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. To date, there are no known effective strategies that can combat WSSV infection. This study aimed to elucidate host-pathogen interaction through the functional study of host - gene. Utilizing RNA Interference, the function of contig23 (c23) in the shrimp genome, identified to have high homology with WSSVORF-325, was determined. Three set-ups were prepared for treatment of c23-, GFP-dsRNA, and PBS using Macrobrachium rosenbergii freshwater prawns. Each treatment group was challenged with WSSV and survival rate was recorded. C23-, and GFP-dsRNA injected prawns showed a significant survival rate of 100%, in contrast to 20% of the PBS injected prawns at 10 days post-infection (dpi). Results showed that injection of c23- and GFP-dsRNA prior to challenge with WSSV, delayed and reduced mortality in contrast to PBS-treated prawns, which showed high mortality. Gene expression analysis showed silencing of both WSSV and c23 at day 3 post-WSSV challenge. This study proved that c23-dsRNA has a protective effect on WSSVchallenged prawns and highlights its involvement in the infectivity of WSSV in M. rosenbergii

    C23 ALIF

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    Elevated ectodomain of type 23 collagen is a novel biomarker of the intestinal epithelium to monitor disease activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

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    BACKGROUND: Impaired intestinal epithelial barrier is highly affected in inflammatory bowel disease. Transmembrane collagens connecting the epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix have an important role in epithelial cell homeostasis. Thus, we sought to determine whether the transmembrane type 23 collagen could serve as a surrogate marker for disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS: We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the ectodomain of type 23 collagen (PRO-C23) in serum, followed by evaluation of its levels in both acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium colitis models in rats and human inflammatory bowel disease cohorts. Serum from 44 Crohn's disease and 29 ulcerative colitis patients with active and inactive disease was included. RESULTS: In the acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat colitis model, the PRO-C23 serum levels were significantly increased after colitis and returned to normal levels after disease remission. Serum levels of PRO-C23 were elevated in Crohn's disease (p < 0.05) and ulcerative colitis (p < 0.001) patients with active disease compared to healthy donors. PRO-C23 differentiated healthy donors from ulcerative colitis (area under the curve: 0.81, p = 0.0009) and Crohn's disease (area under the curve: 0.70, p = 0.0124). PRO-C23 differentiated ulcerative colitis patients with active disease from those in remission (Area under the curve: 0.75, p = 0.0219) and Crohn's disease patients with active disease from those in remission (area under the curve: 0.68, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: PRO-C23 was elevated in rats with active colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease patients with active disease. Therefore, PRO-C23 may be used as a surrogate marker for monitoring disease activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

    Measuring the Success of Fiscal Consolidations

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    We measure the success of fiscal consolidation, with alternative definitions, based on ad-hoc quantitative approaches and on a policy-action approach. The cyclically adjusted primary balance, and the duration of the consolidation contribute for its success, and the opposite applies for revenue based consolidations.fiscal episodes, panel data, logit Classification-C23, E62, H50, H62

    Listeriaphages and coagulin C23 act synergistically to kill Listeria monocytogenes in milk under refrigeration conditions

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    Bacteriophages and bacteriocins are promising biocontrol tools in food. In this work, two Listeria bacteriophages, FWLLm1 and FWLLm3, were assessed in combination with the bacteriocin coagulin C23 to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. Preliminary results under laboratory conditions demonstrated that both antimicrobials act synergistically when they were applied in suboptimal concentrations. The combined approach was further assessed in milk contaminated with 5 × 104 CFU/ml L. monocytogenes 2000/47 and stored at 4 °C for 10 days. When used alone, phage FWLLm1 added at 5 × 106 PFU/ml, FWLLm3 at 5 × 105 PFU/ml and coagulin C23 at 584 AU/ml kept L. monocytogenes 2000/47 counts lower than the untreated control throughout storage. However, when used in combination, inhibition was enhanced and in the presence of FWLLm1 and coagulin C23, L. monocytogenes 2000/47 counts were under the detection limits (less than 10 CFU/ml) from day 4 until the end of the experiment. Resistant mutants towards phages and coagulin C23 could be obtained, but cross-resistance was not detected. Mutants resistant to FWLLm3 and coagulin C23 were also recovered from surviving colonies after cold storage in milk which may explain the failure of this combination to inhibit L. monocytogenes. Remarkably, the fraction of resistant mutants isolated from the combined treatment was lower than that from each antimicrobial alone, suggesting that synergy between bacteriocins and phages could be due to a lower rate of resistance development and the absence of cross-resistance

    Estadística. Volum 1

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    Diplomatura en Ciències Empresarials. C23: Estadístic

    The Feldstein-Horioka fact

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    This paper shows that general equilibrium effects can partly rationalize the high correlation between saving and investment rates observed in OECD countries. We find that once controlling for general equilibrium effects the saving-retention coefficient remains high in the 70’s but decreases considerably since the 80’s, consistently with the increased capital mobility in OECD countries. JEL Classification: C23, F32, F41Capital Mobility, Dynamic Factor Model, International Comovement, Saving-Investment Correlation
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