24,365 research outputs found
Optimization in the design of a 12 gigahertz low cost ground receiving system for broadcast satellites. Volume 1: System design, performance, and cost analysis
The technical and economical feasibility of using the 12 GHz band for broadcasting from satellites were examined. Among the assigned frequency bands for broadcast satellites, the 12 GHz band system offers the most channels. It also has the least interference on and from the terrestrial communication links. The system design and analysis are carried out on the basis of a decision analysis model. Technical difficulties in achieving low-cost 12 GHz ground receivers are solved by making use of a die cast aluminum packaging, a hybrid integrated circuit mixer, a cavity stabilized Gunn oscillator and other state-of-the-art microwave technologies for the receiver front-end. A working model was designed and tested, which used frequency modulation. A final design for the 2.6 GHz system ground receiver is also presented. The cost of the ground-terminal was analyzed and minimized for a given figure-of-merit (a ratio of receiving antenna gain to receiver system noise temperature). The results were used to analyze the performance and cost of the whole satellite system
A Protocol for Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence (METI) is a branch of study
concerned with constructing and broadcasting a message toward habitable
planets. Since the Arecibo message of 1974, the handful of METI broadcasts have
increased in content and complexity, but the lack of an established protocol
has produced unorganized or cryptic messages that could be difficult to
interpret. Here we outline the development of a self-consistent protocol for
messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence that provides constraints and
guidelines for the construction of a message in order to maximize the
probability that the message effectively communicates. A METI protocol
considers several factors including signal encoding, message length,
information content, anthropocentrism, transmission method, and transmission
periodicity. Once developed, the protocol will be released for testing on
different human groups worldwide and across cultural boundaries. An effective
message to extraterrestrials should at least be understandable by humans, and
releasing the protocol for testing will allow us to improve the protocol and
develop potential messages. Through an interactive website, users across the
world will be able to create and exchange messages that follow the protocol in
order to discover the types of messages better suited for cross-cultural
communication. The development of a METI protocol will serve to improve the
quality of messages to extraterrestrials, foster international collaboration,
and extend astrobiology outreach to the public.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Polic
Multicast broadcast services support in OFDMA-based WiMAX systems [Advances in mobile multimedia]
Multimedia stream service provided by broadband wireless networks has emerged as an important technology and has attracted much attention. An all-IP network architecture with reliable high-throughput air interface makes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA)-based mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (mobile WiMAX) a viable technology for wireless multimedia services, such as voice over IP (VoIP), mobile TV, and so on. One of the main features in a WiMAX MAC layer is that it can provide'differentiated services among different traffic categories with individual QoS requirements. In this article, we first give an overview of the key aspects of WiMAX and describe multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) architecture of the 3GPP. Then, we propose a multicast and broadcast service (MBS) architecture for WiMAX that is based on MBMS. Moreover, we enhance the MBS architecture for mobile WiMAX to overcome the shortcoming of limited video broadcast performance over the baseline MBS model. We also give examples to demonstrate that the proposed architecture can support better mobility and offer higher power efficiency
- …