Compression forces used in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program

Objectives: Compression is used in mammography to reduce breast thickness, which is claimed to improve image quality and reduce radiation dose. In the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), the recommended range of compression force for full field digital mammography is 11-18 kg (108-177 Newton [N]). This is the first study to investigate the compression force used in the program. Methods: The study included information from 17,951 randomly selected women screened with FFDM at 14 breast centres in the NBCSP, January-March 2014. We investigated the applied compression force on left breast in craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view for breast centres, mammography machines within the breast centres and for the radiographers. Results: The mean compression force for all mammograms in the study was 116N and ranged from 91 to 147N between the breast centres. The variation in compression force was wider between the breast centres than between mammography machines (range 137-155N) and radiographers (95-143N) within one breast centre. Approximately 59% of the mammograms in the study complied with the recommended range of compression force. Conclusions: A wide variation in applied compression force was observed between the breast centres in the NBCSP. This variation indicates a need for evidence-based recommendations for compression force aimed at optimizing the image quality and individualising breast compression. Advances in knowledge: There was a wide variation in applied compression force between the breast centres in the NBCSP. The variation was wider between the breast centres than between mammography machines and radiographers within one breast centre

Apparatus for histological validation of in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the human prostate

This article describes apparatus to aid histological validation of magnetic resonance imaging studies of the human prostate. The apparatus includes a 3D-printed patientspecific mold that facilitates aligned in vivo and ex vivo imaging, in situ tissue fixation, and tissue sectioning with minimal organ deformation. The mold and a dedicated container include MRI-visible landmarks to enable consistent tissue positioning and minimize image registration complexity. The inclusion of high spatial resolution ex vivo imaging aids in registration of in vivo MRI and histopathology data

Knowledge and awareness of radiography students towards advancement in the era

Background: Teleradiology is the computerized conveyance of radiological images of patients like x-ray digital radiography, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Ultrasound imaging (USI), and Atomic medication imaging (AMI) pictures starting with one spot then onto the next with the end goal of translation and counsellor.Methods: A prospective, comparative, questionnaire-based investigation was carried out in the Department of Radiological Imaging Techniques. A validated questionnaire was circulated among undergraduate and postgraduate Radiography students in the college of paramedical sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University. The study incorporated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) identified with segment attributes (age, sex), scholastic capability, and Information on Teleradiology, PACS, and DICOM.Results: Out of the total of 157 participants 142 (90.44%) filled the questionnaire which was undergraduate and postgraduate students of Radiological and Imaging Techniques filled questionnaire. To assess knowledge about teleradiology, PACS, and DICOM which they gain during theory classes and from hospital postings. There were 89 (62.7%) males and 53 (37.3%) females with the age ranging from 18 to 28, mean of 23 years. The statistical data of all participants gave the correct answer is 85.48% we can say the level of knowledge and awareness of radiography students towards advancement in the era is very good.Conclusions: Teleradiology is the computerized conveyance of radiological images of patients, and pictures starting with one spot then onto the next with the end goal of translation and counselling. The finding in this study indicates that radiography students have optimum knowledge with 85.48%

Breast compression across consecutive examinations among females participating in BreastScreen Norway

Objectives Breast compression is used in mammography to improve image quality and reduce radiation dose. However, optimal values for compression force are not known, and studies has found large variation in use of compression forces between breast centres and radiographers. We investigated breast compression, including compression force, compression pressure and compressed breast thickness across four consecutive full field digital mammography (FFDM) screening examinations for 25,143 subsequently screened women aged 50-69 years. Methods Information from women attending four consecutive screening examinations at two breast centres in BreastScreen Norway during January 2007 - March 2016 was available. We compared the changes in compression force, compression pressure and compressed breast thickness from the first to fourth consecutive screening examination, stratified by craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. Results Compression force, compression pressure and compressed breast thickness increased relatively by 18.3%, 14.4% and 8.4% respectively, from first to fourth consecutive screening examination in CC view (p<0.001 for all). For MLO view, the values increased relatively by 12.3% for compression force, 9.9% for compression pressure and 6.9% for compressed breast thickness from first to fourth consecutive screening examination (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions We observed increasing values of breast compression parameters across consecutive screening examinations. Further research should investigate the effect of this variation on image quality and women’s experiences of discomfort and pain