152,670 research outputs found
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses IV: formalism-intrinsic degeneracies
Based on the standard gravitational lensing formalism with its effective,
projected lensing potential in a given background cosmology, we investigate
under which transformations of the source position and of the deflection angle
the observable properties of the multiple images, i.e. the time delay
differences, the relative image positions, relative shapes, and magnification
ratios, remain invariant. As these observables only constrain local lens
properties, we derive general, local invariance transformations in the areas
covered by the multiple images. We show that the known global invariance
transformations, e.g. the mass sheet transformation or the source position
transformation, are contained in our invariance transformations, when they are
restricted to the areas covered by the multiple images and when
lens-model-based degeneracies are ignored, like the freedom to add or subtract
masses in unconstrained regions without multiple images. Hence, we have
identified the general class of invariance transformations that can occur, in
particular in our model-independent local characterisation of strong
gravitational lenses.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, in press in A&A, comments very welcome (update
to accepted and improved version
Spectroscopy along Multiple, Lensed Sightlines through Outflowing Winds in the Quasar SDSS J1029+2623
We study the origin of absorption features on the blue side of the C IV broad
emission line of the large-separation lensed quasar SDSS J1029+2623 at z_em ~
2.197. The quasar images, produced by a foreground cluster of galaxies, have a
maximum separation angle of ~ 22".5. The large angular separation suggests that
the sight-lines to the quasar central source can go through different regions
of outflowing winds from the accretion disk of the quasar, providing a unique
opportunity to study the structure of outflows from the accretion disk, a key
ingredient for the evolution of quasars as well as for galaxy formation and
evolution. Based on medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy of the two
brightest images conducted at the Subaru telescope, we find that each image has
different intrinsic levels of absorptions, which can be attributed either to
variability of absorption features over the time delay between the lensed
images, ~ 774 days, or to the fine structure of quasar outflows probed by the
multiple sight-lines toward the quasar. While both these scenarios are
consistent with the current data, we argue that they can be distinguished with
additional spectroscopic monitoring observations.Comment: 17 pages, including 7 figures; accepted for publication in the
Astronomical Journa
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Visual Form and Motion Interactions During Coherent Object Motion Perception
How do visual form and motion processes cooperate to compute object motion when each process separately is insufficient? A 3D FORMOTION model specifies how 3D boundary representations, which separate figures from backgrounds within cortical area V2, capture motion signals at the appropriate depths in MT; how motion signals in MT disambiguate boundaries in V2 via MT-to-Vl-to-V2 feedback; how sparse feature tracking signals are amplified; and how a spatially anisotropic motion grouping process propagates across perceptual space via MT-MST feedback to integrate feature-tracking and ambiguous motion signals to determine a global object motion percept. Simulated data include: the degree of motion coherence of rotating shapes observed through apertures, the coherent vs. element motion percepts separated in depth during the chopsticks illusion, and the rigid vs. non-rigid appearance of rotating ellipses.Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-01-1-0397); National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NMA201-01-1-2016); National Science Foundation (BCS-02-35398, SBE-0354378); Office of Naval Research (N00014-95-1-0409, N00014-01-1-0624
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