Technology Implications of UWB on Wireless Sensor Network-A detailed Survey

In today’s high tech “SMART” world sensor based networks are widely used. The main challenge with wireless-based sensor networks is the underneath physical layer. In this survey, we have identified core obstacles of wireless sensor network when UWB is used at PHY layer. This research was done using a systematic approach to assess UWB’s effectiveness (for WSN) based on information taken from various research papers, books, technical surveys and articles. Our aim is to measure the UWB’s effectiveness for WSN and analyze the different obstacles allied with its implementation. Starting from existing solutions to proposed theories. Here we have focused only on the core concerns, e.g. spectrum, interference, synchronization etc.Our research concludes that despite all the bottlenecks and challenges, UWB’s efficient capabilities makes it an attractive PHY layer scheme for the WSN, provided we can control interference and energy problems. This survey gives a fresh start to the researchers and prototype designers to understand the technological concerns associated with UWB’s implementatio

Online condition monitoring of MV cable feeders using Rogowski coil sensors for PD measurements

Condition monitoring is a highly effective prognostic tool for incipient insulation degradation to avoid sudden failures of electrical components and to keep the power network in operation. Improved operational performance of the sensors and effective measurement techniques could enable the development of a robust monitoring system. This paper addresses two main aspects of condition monitoring: an enhanced design of an induction sensor that has the capability of measuring partial discharge (PD) signals emerging simultaneously from medium voltage cables and transformers, and an integrated monitoring system that enables the monitoring of a wider part of the cable feeder. Having described the conventional practices along with the authors’ own experiences and research on non-intrusive solutions, this paper proposes an optimum design of a Rogowski coil that can measure the PD signals from medium voltage cables, its accessories, and the distribution transformers. The proposed PD monitoring scheme is implemented using the directional sensitivity capability of Rogowski coils and a suitable sensor installation scheme that leads to the development of an integrated monitoring model for the components of a MV cable feeder. Furthermore, the paper presents forethought regarding huge amount of PD data from various sensors using a simplified and practical approach. In the perspective of today’s changing grid, the presented idea of integrated monitoring practices provide a concept towards automated condition monitoring.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Energy Management in RFID-Sensor Networks: Taxonomy and Challenges

Ubiquitous Computing is foreseen to play an important role for data production and network connectivity in the coming decades. The Internet of Things (IoT) research which has the capability to encapsulate identification potential and sensing capabilities, strives towards the objective of developing seamless, interoperable and securely integrated systems which can be achieved by connecting the Internet with computing devices. This gives way for the evolution of wireless energy harvesting and power transmission using computing devices. Radio Frequency (RF) based Energy Management (EM) has become the backbone for providing energy to wireless integrated systems. The two main techniques for EM in RFID Sensor Networks (RSN) are Energy Harvesting (EH) and Energy Transfer (ET). These techniques enable the dynamic energy level maintenance and optimisation as well as ensuring reliable communication which adheres to the goal of increased network performance and lifetime. In this paper, we present an overview of RSN, its types of integration and relative applications. We then provide the state-of-the-art EM techniques and strategies for RSN from August 2009 till date, thereby reviewing the existing EH and ET mechanisms designed for RSN. The taxonomy on various challenges for EM in RSN has also been articulated for open research directives

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory V: Future Developments

Proposed enhancements of the IceCube observatory. Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.Comment: Papers submitted by the IceCube Collaboration to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011; part

Online condition monitoring of MV cable feeders using Rogowski coil sensors for PD measurements

Condition monitoring is a highly effective prognostic tool for incipient insulation degradation to avoid sudden failures of electrical components and to keep the power network in operation. Improved operational performance of the sensors and effective measurement techniques could enable the development of a robust monitoring system. This paper addresses two main aspects of condition monitoring: an enhanced design of an induction sensor that has the capability of measuring partial discharge (PD) signals emerging simultaneously from medium voltage cables and transformers, and an integrated monitoring system that enables the monitoring of a wider part of the cable feeder. Having described the conventional practices along with the authors' own experiences and research on non-intrusive solutions, this paper proposes an optimum design of a Rogowski coil that can measure the PD signals from medium voltage cables, its accessories, and the distribution transformers. The proposed PD monitoring scheme is implemented using the directional sensitivity capability of Rogowski coils and a suitable sensor installation scheme that leads to the development of an integrated monitoring model for the components of a MV cable feeder. Furthermore, the paper presents forethought regarding huge amount of PD data from various sensors using a simplified and practical approach. In the perspective of today's changing grid, the presented idea of integrated monitoring practices provide a concept towards automated condition monitoring.This work is done under the project Smart Condition Monitoring of Power Grid that is funded by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 309412)

Energy efficiency in LoRaWAN

Abstract. Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are emerging rapidly as a fundamental Internet of Things (IoT) technology because of features like low-power consumption, long-range connectivity, and the ability to support massive numbers of users. With its high growth rate, Long Range (LoRa) is becoming the most adopted LPWAN technology. Sensor nodes are typically powered by batteries, and many network applications, which expect end-devices to operate reliably for a prolonged time. Each sensor node or actuator consumes a distinct current for a different period of time, depending on its operational state. To model a self-sufficient sensor nodes network, it is of the utmost importance to investigate the energy consumption of class-A end-devices in a LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) with the impact of respective physical and MAC layers. Several latest published research works have analyzed the energy consumption model of a sensor node in different transmission (confirmed or unconfirmed) modes and also examined the network performance of LoRaWAN under uplink outage probabilities. This research work investigates the energy cost of the LoRaWAN, deploying hundreds of sensor nodes to transmit information messages. The proposed scheme is evaluated by considering the average power consumption of end-device powered by 2400 mAh battery. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of an unconfirmed transmission network is examined to provide the optimal number of sensor nodes for each spreading factor