New Formal Methods for Automotive Configuration

Die Komplexität der Automobilkonfiguration hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten extrem zugenommen. Ein typischer deutscher Premiumhersteller kann bis zu 10^80 Varianten eines einzigen Fahrzeugmodells bauen. Dieser Variantenreichtum muss jedoch entlang der gesamten Prozesskette—vom Produktentstehungsprozess bis hin zur Fertigung im Werk—verwaltet und beherrscht werden. Hierzu müssen von Experten einerseits die vom Kunden bestellbaren Fahrzeuge dokumentiert werden (High Level Regelwerk), andererseits müssen diesen Fahrzeugen physikalische Teile, Steuergeräte und Softwarekonfigurationen zugeordnet werden (Low Level Regelwerk). Die vorliegende Arbeit führt einen neuen generischen Formalismus für Konfigurationsdaten in der Automobilindustrie ein und präsentiert einen ausführlichen Überblick über die in der Industrie vorkommenden Prüfmöglichkeiten. In verschiedenen Industriekooperationen mit z.B. Audi, BMW, Daimler, Opel und VW wurde verifiziert, dass dieser Formalismus auf diese Hersteller übertragbar ist. Viele der bestehenden Prüfalgorithmen werden in dieser Dissertation entscheidend optimiert und werden im Rahmen des neuen generischen Frameworks formuliert. Es werden neue Prüf- und Analysemöglichkeiten auf Konfigurationsdaten vorgestellt. Dies sind unter anderem das Zählen baubarer Fahrzeuge, die Berechnung minimaler und maximaler Kundenorders oder die Berechnung von direkten Zwängen in der Konfigurationsbasis. Ein Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Einführung der Booleschen Quantorenelimination in der Automobilkonfiguration. Während die Quantorenelimination bisher vor allem im Bereich des symbolischen Modelcheckings zu finden war, werden hier zwei Anwendungen in der Automobilindustrie identifiziert, die großes Interesse in den industriellen Kooperationen erweckt haben. Es werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Booleschen Quantorenelimination vorgestellt und bezüglich der Anwendungen evaluiert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entstand die Softwarebibliothek AutoLib, die die vorgestellten Algorithmen implementiert und vor allem einen neuen SAT Solver mit sich bringt, der sowohl Inkrementalität und Dekrementalität, als auch das sogenannte Proof Tracing, also das Aufzeichnen von Beweisen bei Nicht-Erfüllbarkeit, implementiert. Nach unserem Wissen ist dies der einzige SAT Solver, der diese beiden Funktionen auch in Kombination unterstützt. AutoLib wird aktuell in einem Produktivsystem bei BMW sowie in Prototypen bei Audi/VW und bei Daimler eingesetzt. Alle Algorithmen, die in dieser Arbeit präsentiert werden, wurden in einer Mach- barkeitsstudie bei BMW in den Jahren 2012 und 2013 implementiert und auf ihre industrielle Einsetzbarkeit hin verifiziert. Ein Produktivsystem, das Teile dieser Algorithmen umfasst und auf AutoLib basiert, hatte im Mai 2014 GoLive bei BMW

Digital Collections of Examples in Mathematical Sciences

Some aspects of Computer Algebra (notably Computation Group Theory and Computational Number Theory) have some good databases of examples, typically of the form "all the X up to size n". But most of the others, especially on the polynomial side, are lacking such, despite the utility they have demonstrated in the related fields of SAT and SMT solving. We claim that the field would be enhanced by such community-maintained databases, rather than each author hand-selecting a few, which are often too large or error-prone to print, and therefore difficult for subsequent authors to reproduce.Comment: Presented at 8th European Congress of Mathematician

ILP Modulo Data

The vast quantity of data generated and captured every day has led to a pressing need for tools and processes to organize, analyze and interrelate this data. Automated reasoning and optimization tools with inherent support for data could enable advancements in a variety of contexts, from data-backed decision making to data-intensive scientific research. To this end, we introduce a decidable logic aimed at database analysis. Our logic extends quantifier-free Linear Integer Arithmetic with operators from Relational Algebra, like selection and cross product. We provide a scalable decision procedure that is based on the BC(T) architecture for ILP Modulo Theories. Our decision procedure makes use of database techniques. We also experimentally evaluate our approach, and discuss potential applications.Comment: FMCAD 2014 final version plus proof

Collaborative Verification-Driven Engineering of Hybrid Systems

Hybrid systems with both discrete and continuous dynamics are an important model for real-world cyber-physical systems. The key challenge is to ensure their correct functioning w.r.t. safety requirements. Promising techniques to ensure safety seem to be model-driven engineering to develop hybrid systems in a well-defined and traceable manner, and formal verification to prove their correctness. Their combination forms the vision of verification-driven engineering. Often, hybrid systems are rather complex in that they require expertise from many domains (e.g., robotics, control systems, computer science, software engineering, and mechanical engineering). Moreover, despite the remarkable progress in automating formal verification of hybrid systems, the construction of proofs of complex systems often requires nontrivial human guidance, since hybrid systems verification tools solve undecidable problems. It is, thus, not uncommon for development and verification teams to consist of many players with diverse expertise. This paper introduces a verification-driven engineering toolset that extends our previous work on hybrid and arithmetic verification with tools for (i) graphical (UML) and textual modeling of hybrid systems, (ii) exchanging and comparing models and proofs, and (iii) managing verification tasks. This toolset makes it easier to tackle large-scale verification tasks

Set-based design of mechanical systems with design robustness integrated

This paper presents a method for parameter design of mechanical products based on a set-based approach. Set-based concurrent engineering emphasises on designing in a multi-stakeholder environment with concurrent involvement of the stakeholders in the design process. It also encourages flexibility in design through communication in terms of ranges instead of fixed point values and subsequent alternative solutions resulting from intersection of these ranges. These alternative solutions can then be refined and selected according to the designers’ preferences and clients’ needs. This paper presents a model and tools for integrated flexible design that take into account the manufacturing variations as well as the design objectives for finding inherently robust solutions using QCSP transformation through interval analysis. In order to demonstrate the approach, an example of design of rigid flange coupling with a variable number of bolts and a choice of bolts from ISO M standard has been resolved and demonstrated

Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design – FMCAD 2021

The Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) is an annual conference on the theory and applications of formal methods in hardware and system verification. FMCAD provides a leading forum to researchers in academia and industry for presenting and discussing groundbreaking methods, technologies, theoretical results, and tools for reasoning formally about computing systems. FMCAD covers formal aspects of computer-aided system design including verification, specification, synthesis, and testing

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2022, which was held during April 2-7, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 46 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. The proceedings also contain 16 tool papers of the affiliated competition SV-Comp and 1 paper consisting of the competition report. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in rigorously based tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference aims to bridge the gaps between different communities with this common interest and to support them in their quest to improve the utility, reliability, exibility, and efficiency of tools and algorithms for building computer-controlled systems

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2022, which was held during April 2-7, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 46 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. The proceedings also contain 16 tool papers of the affiliated competition SV-Comp and 1 paper consisting of the competition report. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in rigorously based tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference aims to bridge the gaps between different communities with this common interest and to support them in their quest to improve the utility, reliability, exibility, and efficiency of tools and algorithms for building computer-controlled systems