On the importance of cyber-security training for multi-vector energy distribution system operators

Multi-vector Energy Distribution Systems (EDS) are increasingly connected to provide new services to consumers and Distribution Network Operators (DNO). This exponential growth in connectivity, while beneficial, tremendously increases the attack surface of critical infrastructures, demonstrating a clear need for energy operator cyber-security training. This paper highlights the cyber-security challenges faced by EDS operators as well as the impact a successful cyber-attack could have on the grid. Finally, training needs are contextualised through cyber-attack examples

Enabling medicine reuse using a digital time temperature humidity sensor in an internet of pharmaceutical things concept

Medicinal waste due to improper handling of unwanted medicines creates health and environmental risks. However, the re-dispensing of unused prescribed medicines from patients seems to be accepted by stakeholders when quality and safety requirements are met. Reusing dispensed medicines may help reduce waste, but a comprehensive validation method is not generally available. The design of a novel digital time temperature and humidity indicator based on an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things concept is proposed to facilitate the validation, and a prototype is presented using smart sensors with cloud connectivity acting as the key technology for verifying and enabling the reuse of returned medicines. Deficiency of existing technologies is evaluated based on the results of this development, and recommendations for future research are suggested