225 research outputs found

    Blockchain-Based and Multi-Layered Electricity Imbalance Settlement Architecture

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    Communication Architectures for Reliable and Trusted Wireless Systems in Smart Grids

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    Impact of peer-to-peer trading and flexibility on local energy systems

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    To meet the 2050 net zero emission targets, energy systems around the globe are being revisited to achieve multi-vector decarbonisation in terms of electricity, transport, heating and cooling. As energy systems become more decentralised and digitised, local energy systems will have greater potential to self-sustain and hence, decrease reliance on fossil-fuelled central generation. While the uptake of electric vehicles, heat pumps, solar and battery systems offer a solution, the increase in electricity demand poses challenges in terms of higher peak demand, imbalance and overloading. Additionally, the current energy market structure prevents these assets in the distribution network from reaching their true techno-economic potential in flexibility services and energy trading. Peer-to-peer energy trading and community-level control algorithms achieve better matching of local demand and supply through the use of transactive energy markets, load shifting and peak shaving techniques. Existing research addresses the challenges of local energy markets and others investigate the effect of increased distributed assets on the network. However, the combined techno-economic effect requires the co-simulation of both market and network levels, coupled with simultaneous system balance, cost and carbon intensity considerations. Using bottom-up coordination and user-centric optimisation, this project investigated the potential of network-aware peer-to-peer trading and community-level control to increase self-sufficiency and self-consumption in energy communities. The techno-economic effects of these strategies are modelled while maintaining user comfort levels and healthy operation of the network and assets. The proposed strategies are evaluated according to their economic benefit, environmental impact and network stress. A case study in Scotland was employed to demonstrate the benefits of peer-to-peer trading and community self-consumption using future projections of demand, generation and storage. Additionally, the concept of energy smart contracts, embedded in blockchains, are proposed and demonstrated to overcome the major challenges of monitoring and contracting. The results indicate benefits for various energy systems stakeholders. Distribution system end-users benefit from lower energy costs while system operators obtain better visibility of the local-level flexibility along with the associated technical challenges in terms of losses, imbalance and loading. From a commercial perspective, community energy companies may utilise this study to inform investment decisions regarding storage, distributed generation and transactive market solutions. Additionally, the insights about the energy smart contracts allow blockchain and relevant technology sectors to recognise the opportunities and challenges of smart contracts and distributed ledger technologies that are specific to the energy sector. On the broader scale, energy system operators, regulators and high-level decision-makers can compare the simulated impact of community-led energy transition on the net zero goals with large-scale top-down initiatives

    State-of-the-art analysis and perspectives for peer-to-peer energy trading

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    As a promising solution to address the “energy trilemma” confronting human society, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years. When carrying out P2P energy trading, customers with distributed energy resources (DERs) are able to directly trade and share energy with each other. This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers, research projects, and industrial practice. Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed, including market design, trading platforms, physical infrastructure and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, social science perspectives, and policy. For each key aspect, existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented. Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end, summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper. P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world

    Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading for Networked Microgrids

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    Considering the limitations of the existing centralized power infrastructure, research interests have been directed to decentralized smart power systems constructed as networks of interconnected microgrids. Therefore, it has become critical to develop secure and efficient energy trading mechanisms among networked microgrids for reliability and economic mutual benefits. Furthermore, integrating blockchain technologies into the energy sector has gained significant interest among researchers and industry professionals. Considering these trends, the work in this thesis focuses on developing Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading models to facilitate transactions among microgrids in a multiagent network. Price negotiation mechanisms are proposed for both islanded and grid-connected microgrid networks. To enable a trusted settlement of electricity trading transactions, a two-stage blockchain-based settlement consensus protocol is also developed. Simulation results have shown that the model has successfully facilitated energy trading for networked microgrids

    Efficiency and Sustainability of the Distributed Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts

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    The climate changes that are visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems, and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this book presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on energy internet, blockchain technology, and smart contracts, we hope that they are of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above
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