Audio steganography based on least significant bits algorithm with 4D grid multi-wing hyper-chaotic system

Although variety in hiding methods used to protect data and information transmitted via channels but still need more robustness and difficulty to improve protection level of the secret messages from hacking or attacking. Moreover, hiding several medias in one media to reduce the transmission time and band of channel is the important task and define as a gain channel. This calls to find other ways to be more complexity in detecting the secret message. Therefore, this paper proposes cryptography/steganography method to hide an audio/voice message (secret message) in two different cover medias: audio and video. This method is use least significant bits (LSB) algorithm combined with 4D grid multi-wing hyper-chaotic (GMWH) system. Shuffling of an audio using key generated by GMWH system and then hiding message using LSB algorithm will provide more difficulty of extracting the original audio by hackers or attackers. According to analyses of obtained results in the receiver using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)/mean square error (MSE) and sensitivity of encryption key, the proposed method has more security level and robustness. Finally, this work will provide extra security to the mixture base of crypto-steganographic methods

Multilevel Steganography to Improve Secret Communication

This chapter presents multilevel audio steganography, which describes a new model for hidden communication in secret communication technology. At least two embedding methods are used in such a way that the second method will use the first method as a carrier. The proposed method has several potential benefits in hidden communication. This method can be used to increase the level of security while transmitting the confidential information over public channels or internet and also can be used to provide two or more information hiding solutions simultaneously. The performance of the proposed method in terms of imperceptibility, capacity & security is measured through different experiments

Deteksi Posisi dan Volume Citra Tersteganografi Menggunakan Metode LSB, DCT, dan Pembagian Blok

Berbagai jenis cara untuk berkomunikasi dapat dilakukan, salah satunya dengan menyembunyikan pesan ke dalam suatu objek lain, Hal itu dapat disebut dengan steganografi. Steganografi merupakan seni atau ilmu yang mempelajari proses dalam menyembunyikan suatu informasi atau pesan rahasia ke dalam cover data, coverdata tersebut bisa berupa video, audio maupun citra. Steganografi dapat dikelompokan menjadi 2 jenis yaitu : blind steganografi dan non blind steganografi, penyalahgunaan steganografi sering terjadi, salah satunya digunakan untuk menyisipkan suatu pesan tertentu atas dasar tindak kriminal. Maka dari itu, diperlukan adanya steganalisis untuk mengontrol akan adanya penyalahgunaan steganografi. Penelitian ini merancang sebuah arsitektur dari metode bernama DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) dan pembagian blok sebagai metode ekstraksi pada steganalisis, menggunakan PCA (Principal Component Analysis) sebagai pereduksi citra digital, K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor) untuk proses klasifikasi, dan metode windowing untuk menentukan letak dan volume pada citra tersteganografi. Sudah banyak penelitian yang mengembangkan metode - metode ini, tetapi parameter akurasi dan waktu menjadi parameter yang paling diperhatikan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka pada penelitian ini dirancang arsitektur DCT, PCA, K-NN, pembagian blok, dan windowing yang tidak hanya dapat mendeteksi ada pesan tersembunyi atautidak, namun juga dapat mendeteksi posisi dan volume pesan rahasia tersebut dengan akurasi terbaik. Dengan menggunakan parameter yang lebih lengkap berupa mean, covariance, standard deviation, skwness, kurtosis, entropy, cosine, euclidean distance, correlation, city block, dan eigen, pada penelitian ini menghasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 75% pada sistem steganalisis dan akurasi sebesar 72% pada deteksi posisi dan volume citra tersteganografi. Kata Kunci:Steganografi, Steganalisis, DCT, PCA, K-NN, Windowing

Towards Optimal Copyright Protection Using Neural Networks Based Digital Image Watermarking

In the field of digital watermarking, digital image watermarking for copyright protection has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. Digital watermarking contains varies techniques for protecting the digital content. Among all those techniques,Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) provides higher image imperceptibility and robustness. Over the years, researchers have been designing watermarking techniques with robustness in mind, in order for the watermark to be resistant against any image processing techniques. Furthermore, the requirements of a good watermarking technique includes a tradeoff between robustness, image quality (imperceptibility) and capacity. In this paper, we have done an extensive literature review for the existing DWT techniques and those combined with other techniques such as Neural Networks. In addition to that, we have discuss the contribution of Neural Networks in copyright protection. Finally we reached our goal in which we identified the research gaps existed in the current watermarking schemes. So that, it will be easily to obtain an optimal techniques to make the watermark object robust to attacks while maintaining the imperceptibility to enhance the copyright protection

Digital watermarking methods for data security and authentication

Philosophiae Doctor - PhDCryptology is the study of systems that typically originate from a consideration of the ideal circumstances under which secure information exchange is to take place. It involves the study of cryptographic and other processes that might be introduced for breaking the output of such systems - cryptanalysis. This includes the introduction of formal mathematical methods for the design of a cryptosystem and for estimating its theoretical level of securit

Digital video watermarking techniques for secure multimedia creation and delivery.

Chan Pik-Wah.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-130).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Abstract --- p.iAcknowledgement --- p.ivChapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objective --- p.3Chapter 1.3 --- Contributions --- p.4Chapter 1.4 --- The Structure of this Thesis --- p.6Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7Chapter 2.1 --- Security in Multimedia Communications --- p.8Chapter 2.2 --- Cryptography --- p.11Chapter 2.3 --- Digital Watermarking --- p.14Chapter 2.4 --- Essential Ingredients for Video Watermarking --- p.16Chapter 2.4.1 --- Fidelity --- p.16Chapter 2.4.2 --- Robustness --- p.17Chapter 2.4.3 --- Use of Keys --- p.19Chapter 2.4.4 --- Blind Detection --- p.20Chapter 2.4.5 --- Capacity and Speed --- p.20Chapter 2.4.6 --- Statistical Imperceptibility --- p.21Chapter 2.4.7 --- Low Error Probability --- p.21Chapter 2.4.8 --- Real-time Detector Complexity --- p.21Chapter 2.5 --- Review on Video Watermarking Techniques --- p.22Chapter 2.5.1 --- Video Watermarking --- p.25Chapter 2.5.2 --- Spatial Domain Watermarks --- p.26Chapter 2.5.3 --- Frequency Domain Watermarks --- p.30Chapter 2.5.4 --- Watermarks Based on MPEG Coding Struc- tures --- p.35Chapter 2.6 --- Comparison between Different Watermarking Schemes --- p.38Chapter 3 --- Novel Watermarking Schemes --- p.42Chapter 3.1 --- A Scene-based Video Watermarking Scheme --- p.42Chapter 3.1.1 --- Watermark Preprocess --- p.44Chapter 3.1.2 --- Video Preprocess --- p.46Chapter 3.1.3 --- Watermark Embedding --- p.48Chapter 3.1.4 --- Watermark Detection --- p.50Chapter 3.2 --- Theoretical Analysis --- p.52Chapter 3.2.1 --- Performance --- p.52Chapter 3.2.2 --- Capacity --- p.56Chapter 3.3 --- A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme --- p.60Chapter 3.3.1 --- Visual-audio Hybrid Watermarking --- p.61Chapter 3.3.2 --- Hybrid Approach with Different Water- marking Schemes --- p.69Chapter 3.4 --- A Genetic Algorithm-based Video Watermarking Scheme --- p.73Chapter 3.4.1 --- Watermarking Scheme --- p.75Chapter 3.4.2 --- Problem Modelling --- p.76Chapter 3.4.3 --- Chromosome Encoding --- p.79Chapter 3.4.4 --- Genetic Operators --- p.80Chapter 4 --- Experimental Results --- p.85Chapter 4.1 --- Test on Robustness --- p.85Chapter 4.1.1 --- Experiment with Frame Dropping --- p.87Chapter 4.1.2 --- Experiment with Frame Averaging and Sta- tistical Analysis --- p.89Chapter 4.1.3 --- Experiment with Lossy Compression --- p.90Chapter 4.1.4 --- Test of Robustness with StirMark 4.0 --- p.92Chapter 4.1.5 --- Overall Comparison --- p.98Chapter 4.2 --- Test on Fidelity --- p.100Chapter 4.2.1 --- Parameter(s) Setting --- p.101Chapter 4.2.2 --- Evaluate with PSNR --- p.101Chapter 4.2.3 --- Evaluate with MAD --- p.102Chapter 4.3 --- Other Features of the Scheme --- p.105Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.106Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.108Bibliography --- p.11

Robust digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection

Digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to the problem of resolving copyright ownership of multimedia data (image, audio, video). The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the design of robust digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection. Firstly, an overview of the watermarking system, applications of watermarks as well as the survey of current watermarking algorithms and attacks, are given. Further, the implementation of feature point detectors in the field of watermarking is introduced. A new class of scale invariant feature point detectors is investigated and it is showed that they have excellent performances required for watermarking. The robustness of the watermark on geometrical distortions is very important issue in watermarking. In order to detect the parameters of undergone affine transformation, we propose an image registration technique which is based on use of the scale invariant feature point detector. Another proposed technique for watermark synchronization is also based on use of scale invariant feature point detector. This technique does not use the original image to determine the parameters of affine transformation which include rotation and scaling. It is experimentally confirmed that this technique gives excellent results under tested geometrical distortions. In the thesis, two different watermarking algorithms are proposed in the wavelet domain. The first algorithm belongs to the class of additive watermarking algorithms which requires the presence of original image for watermark detection. Using this algorithm the influence of different error correction codes on the watermark robustness is investigated. The second algorithm does not require the original image for watermark detection. The robustness of this algorithm is tested on various filtering and compression attacks. This algorithm is successfully combined with the aforementioned synchronization technique in order to achieve the robustness on geometrical attacks. The last watermarking algorithm presented in the thesis is developed in complex wavelet domain. The complex wavelet transform is described and its advantages over the conventional discrete wavelet transform are highlighted. The robustness of the proposed algorithm was tested on different class of attacks. Finally, in the thesis the conclusion is given and the main future research directions are suggested

Design and analysis of Discrete Cosine Transform-based watermarking algorithms for digital images. Development and evaluation of blind Discrete Cosine Transform-based watermarking algorithms for copyright protection of digital images using handwritten signatures and mobile phone numbers.

This thesis deals with the development and evaluation of blind discrete cosine transform-based watermarking algorithms for copyright protection of digital still images using handwritten signatures and mobile phone numbers. The new algorithms take into account the perceptual capacity of each low frequency coefficients inside the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) blocks before embedding the watermark information. They are suitable for grey-scale and colour images. Handwritten signatures are used instead of pseudo random numbers. The watermark is inserted in the green channel of the RGB colour images and the luminance channel of the YCrCb images. Mobile phone numbers are used as watermarks for images captured by mobile phone cameras. The information is embedded multiple-times and a shuffling scheme is applied to ensure that no spatial correlation exists between the original host image and the multiple watermark copies. Multiple embedding will increase the robustness of the watermark against attacks since each watermark will be individually reconstructed and verified before applying an averaging process. The averaging process has managed to reduce the amount of errors of the extracted information. The developed watermarking methods are shown to be robust against JPEG compression, removal attack, additive noise, cropping, scaling, small degrees of rotation, affine, contrast enhancements, low-pass, median filtering and Stirmark attacks. The algorithms have been examined using a library of approximately 40 colour images of size 512 512 with 24 bits per pixel and their grey-scale versions. Several evaluation techniques were used in the experiment with different watermarking strengths and different signature sizes. These include the peak signal to noise ratio, normalized correlation and structural similarity index measurements. The performance of the proposed algorithms has been compared to other algorithms and better invisibility qualities with stronger robustness have been achieved

DRONE DELIVERY OF CBNRECy – DEW WEAPONS Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD)

Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD) is our sixth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs and UUVs. Our textbook takes on a whole new purview for UAS / CUAS/ UUV (drones) – how they can be used to deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction and Deception against CBRNE and civilian targets of opportunity. We are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. Our work suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1046/thumbnail.jp

Blind Key Based Attack Resistant Audio Steganography Using Cocktail Party Effect

Steganography is a popular technique of digital data security. Among all digital steganography methods, audio steganography is very delicate as human auditory system is highly sensitive to noise; hence small modification in audio can make significant audible impact. In this paper, a key based blind audio steganography method has been proposed which is built on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as well as discrete cosine transform (DCT) and adheres to Kerckhoff’s principle. Here image has been used as secret message which is preprocessed using Arnold’s Transform. To make the system more robust and undetectable, a well-known problem of audio analysis has been explored here, known as Cocktail Party Problem, for wrapping stego audio. The robustness of the proposed method has been tested against Steganalysis attacks like noise addition, random cropping, resampling, requantization, pitch shifting, and mp3 compression. The quality of resultant stego audio and retrieved secret image has been measured by various metrics, namely, “peak signal-to-noise ratio”; “correlation coefficient”; “perceptual evaluation of audio quality”; “bit error rate”; and “structural similarity index.” The embedding capacity has also been evaluated and, as seen from the comparison result, the proposed method has outperformed other existing DCT-DWT based technique