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Spiking Neural Networks -- Part I: Detecting Spatial Patterns
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning
models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse
spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on
neuromorphic computing platforms that are emerging as energy-efficient
co-processors for learning and inference. This is the first of a series of
three papers that introduce SNNs to an audience of engineers by focusing on
models, algorithms, and applications. In this first paper, we first cover
neural models used for conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and SNNs.
Then, we review learning algorithms and applications for SNNs that aim at
mimicking the functionality of ANNs by detecting or generating spatial patterns
in rate-encoded spiking signals. We specifically discuss ANN-to-SNN conversion
and neural sampling. Finally, we validate the capabilities of SNNs for
detecting and generating spatial patterns through experiments.Comment: Submitte
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A biologically inspired spiking model of visual processing for image feature detection
To enable fast reliable feature matching or tracking in scenes, features need to be discrete and meaningful, and hence edge or corner features, commonly called interest points are often used for this purpose. Experimental research has illustrated that biological vision systems use neuronal circuits to extract particular features such as edges or corners from visual scenes. Inspired by this biological behaviour, this paper proposes a biologically inspired spiking neural network for the purpose of image feature extraction. Standard digital images are processed and converted to spikes in a manner similar to the processing that transforms light into spikes in the retina. Using a hierarchical spiking network, various types of biologically inspired receptive fields are used to extract progressively complex image features. The performance of the network is assessed by examining the repeatability of extracted features with visual results presented using both synthetic and real images
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