Health effects of WiFi radiation: a review based on systematicquality evaluation

Although WiFi contributes little to totalradiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in our everyday environ-ment, concern has raised whether this spe-cific type of modulated RF-EMF causeshealth problems. The aim of this review isto evaluate all types of studies that investi-gated biological and health effects of WiFiexposure and fulfilled basic quality criteria.Eligible for inclusion were epidemiological,human experimental,in vivoandin vitrostudies using realistic WiFi exposure set-tings. We conducted a systematic literaturesearch for all papers published betweenJanuary 1997 and August 2020 followed by a quality review addressing blinding and dosimetry inexperimental studies and various types of biases in epidemiological studies. All studies fulfilling thequality criteria were descriptively summarized in terms of observation or absence of associations.From 1385 articles identified by the literature search, 23 fulfilled basic quality criteria: 6 epidemio-logical papers, 6 human experimental articles, 9in vivoarticles, and 2in vitroarticles. Whereasinvivoandin vitrostudies applied exposure levels up to 4 W/kg, human studies dealt with exposurelevels several orders of magnitude below the ICNIRP guidelines, which are typical for WiFi exposuresituations in the everyday environment. Numerous outcomes ranging from biological markers tosymptoms were mostly found not to be associated with WiFi exposure. Sporadic findings were notconsistent in terms of outcomes or exposure-response associations. This review based on a system-atic literature search and quality evaluation does not suggest detrimental health effects from WiFiexposure below regulatory limits

Effect of WiFi waves (2.45 GHz) on aminotransaminases(ALP, ALT and AST) in liver of rat

Different disorders and diseases are associated with liver thus liver enzymes are commonly evaluated. Amino transaminases are among the most important enzymes in the liver, which their serum levels can indicate liver’s health or abnormality. Environmental stimuli including electromagnetic field affect different cells and organs in the body including the liver. WiFi networks are among the most common inducers of electromagnetic field. In the present study, serum levels of three liver aminotransaminases including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are assessed and histopathological evaluations are performed for four weeks in six groups of mice following WiFi2.45GHz exposure. Then, we have analyzed the data (t-test and one-way ANOVA; P<0.05). Our results show that amino transaminase levels are changed following WiFi2.45GHz exposure compared to control group and that these changes are increased with time. Respectively, AST, ALT and ALP levels showed 11.38%, 18.63%, and 4.85% increase on average, during these four weeks of the experiment. ALT and AST sustain more changes compared to the ALP in the liver. Electromagnetic induction is related to AST, ALP and ALT catabolism. The WiFi exposure time is an important factor that affects the maximum amount of absorbed electromagnetic energy in a specific period

Semi-quantitative proteomics of mammalian cells upon short-term exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic fields

The potential effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs), such as those emitted by power-lines (in extremely low frequency range), mobile cellular systems and wireless networking devices (in radio frequency range) on human health have been intensively researched and debated. However, how exposure to these EMFs may lead to biological changes underlying possible health effects is still unclear. To reveal EMF-induced molecular changes, unbiased experiments (without a priori focusing on specific biological processes) with sensitive readouts are required. We present the first proteome-wide semi-quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of human fibroblasts, osteosarcomas and mouse embryonic stem cells exposed to three types of non-ionizing EMFs (ELF 50 Hz, UMTS 2.1 GHz and WiFi 5.8 GHz). We performed controlled in vitro EMF exposures of metabolically labeled mammalian cells followed by reliable statistical analyses of differential protein-and pathway-level regulations using an array of established bioinformatics methods. Our results indicate that less than 1% of the quantitated human or mouse proteome responds to the EMFs by small changes in protein abundance. Further network-based analysis of the differentially regulated proteins did not detect significantly perturbed cellular processes or pathways in human and mouse cells in response to ELF, UMTS or WiFi exposure. In conclusion, our extensive bioinformatics analyses of semi-quantitative mass spectrometry data do not support the notion that the short-time exposures to non-ionizing EMFs have a consistent biologically significant bearing on mammalian cells in culture

The Effects of WiFi Network (2.45 GHz) on Rats with Induced Stroke Associated with an Increased Risk of Heart Attack

Introduction: Stroke and heart attack are the most common causes of death among humans. Troponin I, Creatine Kinae-MB (CK-MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) are the diagnostic markers of heart attack which can also be used as high risk biomarkers. WiFi is a cheap common technology which exposes its users to a spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Can weak electromagnetic waves affect human health?Materials and Methods: In this study, stroke in rats has been induced, and then they were exposed to WiFi waves (2.45  GHz) and finally were examined for the risk of heart attack through analyzing three enzyme biomarkers related to heart attack (Troponin I, CK-MB and LDH). Results: This study’s results confirm WiFi’s biological effects and shows WiFi’s contribution in stroke. WiFi2.45GHz exposure affects three cardiac enzyme markers of heart attack (LDH, Troponin I and CK-MB), considering the current data on WiFi exposure effects on the brain, heart and related enzymes.Conclusion: Some of the WiFi wave’s cellular targets include cell membrane, cellular proteins and enzymes. Despite all the data and reports on biological effects of electromagnetic fields, the range and rate of these effects has not yet been determined

Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic waves alters acetylcholinesterase gene expression, exploratory and motor coordinationlinked behaviour in male rats

Humans in modern society are exposed to an ever-increasing number of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and some studies have demonstrated that these waves can alter brain function but the mechanism still remains unclear. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of 2.5 Ghz band radio-frequency electromagnetic waves (RFEMF) exposure on cerebral cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and their mRNA expression level as well as locomotor function and anxiety-linked behaviour in male rats. Animals were divided into four groups namely; group 1 was control (without exposure), group 2–4 were exposed to 2.5 Ghz radiofrequency waves from an installed WI-FI device for a period of 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The results revealed that WiFi exposure caused a significant increase in anxiety level and affect locomotor function. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in AChE activity with a concomitant increase in AChE mRNA expression level in WiFi exposed rats when compared with control. In conclusions, these data showed that long term exposure to WiFi may lead to adverse effects such as neurodegenerative diseases as observed by a significant alteration on AChE gene expression and some neurobehavioral parameters associated with brain damage

Workgroup Report: Base Stations and Wireless Networks—Radiofrequency (RF) Exposures and Health Consequences

Radiofrequency (RF) waves have long been used for different types of information exchange via the airwaves—wireless Morse code, radio, television, and wireless telephony (i.e., construction and operation of telephones or telephonic systems). Increasingly larger numbers of people rely on mobile telephone technology, and health concerns about the associated RF exposure have been raised, particularly because the mobile phone handset operates in close proximity to the human body, and also because large numbers of base station antennas are required to provide widespread availability of service to large populations. The World Health Organization convened an expert workshop to discuss the current state of cellular-telephone health issues, and this article brings together several of the key points that were addressed. The possibility of RF health effects has been investigated in epidemiology studies of cellular telephone users and workers in RF occupations, in experiments with animals exposed to cell-phone RF, and via biophysical consideration of cell-phone RF electric-field intensity and the effect of RF modulation schemes. As summarized here, these separate avenues of scientific investigation provide little support for adverse health effects arising from RF exposure at levels below current international standards. Moreover, radio and television broadcast waves have exposed populations to RF for > 50 years with little evidence of deleterious health consequences. Despite unavoidable uncertainty, current scientific data are consistent with the conclusion that public exposures to permissible RF levels from mobile telephony and base stations are not likely to adversely affect human health