A New Species Of Adenocalymma Martius Ex Meisner (bignoniaceae) From Minas Gerais, Brazil

A new species is presented for the genus Adenocalymma (Bignoniaceae tribe Bignonieae). Adenocalymma magnoalatum Scudeller occurs in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its subcoriaceous blades and secondary veins raised and yellow below, a quadrangular ovary, and especially the 4-alate fruit and convex, bi-alate seeds compressed on the back distinguish the species.103234237Bureau, E., Valeur des caracteres tires de la structure de la tige, pour la classification des Bignoniacees (1872) Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 19, pp. 14-20Bureau, E., Schumann, K., Bignoniaceae (1896), 8 (2), pp. 1-452. , C. P. F. Martius, Flora BrasiliensisEndlicher, S., (1841), pp. 344-347. , Bignoniaceae. Enchiridion botanicum: classes et ordines plantarumGentry, A.H., Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae (1974) Biotropica, 6, pp. 64-68Gentry, A.H., Six new species of Adenocalymna (Bignoniaceae) from eastern South America (1993) Novon, 3, pp. 137-141(1994), Instituto Estadual de Florestas - IEF. Pesquisas prioritarias para o Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Brasil. Belo HorizonteMabberley, D.J., (1997), The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, CambridgeMeisner, C.F., Bignoniaceae. Plantarum vascularium genera secundum ordines naturales digesta (1836), 1-2, pp. 300-301. , 206-211Sandwith, N.Y., Hunt, D.R., Bignoniaceas (1974), (PART 1). , P. R. Reitz (editor), Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Blumenauense, Santa CatarinaScudeller, V.V., Proposal to conserve the name Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. (Bignoniaceae) with a conserved spelling (2000) Taxon, 49, pp. 303-304Scudeller, V.V., De Carvalho-Okano, R.M., Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil (1998) Iheringia, Bot., 51 (1), pp. 79-13

Germination responses to light of four Neotropical forest tree species along an elevational gradient in the southern Central Andes

Seed germination is a key part of plants' life cycle and is mostly affected by the genetic background, the environmental conditions experienced by the mother plant and the seedbed conditions. The germination response to light is essential to optimize germination and seedling establishment in space and time. In addition, the germination response to light is a trait often related to the response of the seeds to their position in the soil (uncovered/buried). Here, we studied the germination response to light of four key tree species of the Yungas forest (Anadenanthera colubrina, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Jacaranda mimosifolia and Handroanthus impetiginosus) sampled along an elevational and environmental gradient with contrasting vegetation cover and disturbance. Relative light germination (RLG) and mean germination time (MGT) were determined. Final germination was tested under cycles of light (8 h) and darkness (16 h) versus complete darkness (24 h) and elevation, and MGT was tested as a function of elevation of the provenance. The RLG increased from smaller to larger-seeded species. The MGT of three of the studied species was affected by the elevation of the provenance. Complete darkness negatively affected final germination, while two species exhibited a significant interaction between the provenance and light. The variable germination responses to light along the elevational gradient highlights the influence of the environment on germination as a key factor that should be considered for forest management, conservation and restoration projects

MarkerMiner 1.0: a new application for phylogenetic marker development using angiosperm transcriptomes

Premise of the study: Targeted sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms offers enormous potential for plant systematics by enabling economical acquisition of multilocus data sets that can resolve difficult phylogenetic problems. However, because discovery of single-copy nuclear (SCN) loci from NGS data requires both bioinformatics skills and access to high-performance computing resources, the application of NGS data has been limited. Methods and Results: We developed MarkerMiner 1.0, a fully automated, open-access bioinformatic workflow and application for discovery of SCN loci in angiosperms. Our new tool identified as many as 1993 SCN loci from transcriptomic data sampled as part of four independent test cases representing marker development projects at different phylogenetic scales. Conclusions: MarkerMiner is an easy-to-use and effective tool for discovery of putative SCN loci. It can be run locally or via the Web, and its tabular and alignment outputs facilitate efficient downstream assessments of phylogenetic utility, locus selection, intron-exon boundary prediction, and primer or probe development

Domacios y nectarios extraflorales en Bignoniáceas: componentes vegetales de una interacción mutualística.

Las plantas presentan relaciones mutualísticas con insectos a cambio del control de sus herbívoros u hongos patógenos; por medio de los domacios les ofrecen albergue y mediante la secreción de néctar de nectarios extraflorales les brindan alimento. Se examinó la anatomía foliar en 52 especies de Bignoniaceae con microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido, con el objetivo de describir los domacios y los nectarios extraflorales. Los domacios presentes son de dos tipos: mechones de pelos y bolsillos, siendo un carácter taxonómico útil en varias especies. Los nectarios extraflorales se encuentran en todas las especies, ubicándose en diversas posiciones: a lo largo de la vena media, asociados a los domacios o agrupados en campos glandulares, que pueden ser foliares o interpeciolares. Las Bignoniaceae presentan simultáneamente domacios y nectarios extraflorales en sus hojas, los cuales se describen como componentes vegetales de un probable mecanismo de defensa indirecta.Domatia and extrafloral nectaries in Bignoniaceae: two components of a mutualistic interaction. Plants have mutualistic relationships with insects in two ways: through domatia provide housing of predators, and extrafloral nectaries secreting nectar and provide food in exchange for control of herbivores or fungal pathogens. The foliar anatomy of 52 species of Bignoniaceae was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, in order to describe the different types of domatia and extrafloral nectaries. Two types of domatia were observed: small hair-tufts and pockets; the presence and type of domatia represents important taxonomic characters in Bignoniaceae. Extrafloral nectaries are found in all studied species. They are located in different positions: along the midvein, associated with domatia, or grouped in glandular fields, either in leaf or interpetiolar. The Bignoniaceae have simultaneously domatia and extrafloral nectaries on their leaves, these features are described as plant components in a probable mechanism of indirect defenseFil: Gonzalez, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentin

Assessment of the Scavenging Activity of Crude Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Newbouldia Laevis on Selected Free Radicals

From ancient times, the therapeutic application of medicinal plants, also known as alternative medicine has been popular. Today, biological research has shown that this practice of phytotherapy will remain with man for sometime. Some medicinal applications of parts of Newbouldia laevis are known. Air dried leaves of N. laevis (Bignoniaceae) were powdered and extracted with 95%v/v methanol by maceration, and the extract concentrated at 40oC using Rotary evaporator. The weight of the extracted plant material was noted for the purpose of calculating yield. In vitro assessment of the ability of the extract to scavenge the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and the synthetic radical 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. Buthylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic antioxidant was used as a positive control. Plant extract showed concentration- dependent scavenging activity on all reactive species used. Scavenging activity of plant extract on hydrogen peroxide and superoxide was more than that of BHA on same. However, BHA was more effective at scavenging DPPH radical than plant extract

Investigation on occurrence and ultrastructure of the proteinaceous nuclear inclusions (PNIs) in the Bignoniaceæ, with special reference to the geographic distribution patterns

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the occurrence and distribution of Proteinaceous Nuclear Inclusions (PNIs) in the family Bignoniaceae. In 52 out of 70 examined species (corresponding to 74.2%) nuclear inclusions with lamellar substructure are observed. An additional crystalline body, derived by packing of lamellar inclusion subunits during cell development, is reported in several taxa. PNIs are recorded in all studied tribes, but with different distribution. Most Tecomeae and all taxa of Crescentieae, Coleeae, Oroxyleae, Eccremocarpeae and Schlegeliae show PNIs. In most Bignonieae they are lacking. The occurrence of PNIs in two tribes considered to be the oldest groups of Bignoniaceae and related to the ancestral stock of Tubiflorae, Tecomeae and Oroxyleae, support their presence as an ancestral trait. Although systematic conclusions in Bignoniaceae cannot to be made in consequence of the great structural homogeneity of PNIs, the relationships between occurrence data and geographic distribution patterns, are discussed. Fin..

Lianas Suppress Seedling Growth and Survival of 14 Tree Species in a Panamanian Tropical Forest

Lianas are a common plant growth form in tropical forests, where they compete intensely with trees, decreasing tree recruitment, growth, and survival. If the detrimental effects of lianas vary significantly with tree species identity, as is often assumed, then lianas may influence tree species diversity and community composition. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that liana abundance and biomass are increasing relative to trees in neotropical forests, which will likely magnify the detrimental effects of lianas and may ultimately alter tree species diversity, relative abundances, and community composition. Few studies, however, have tested the responses of multiple tree species to the presence of lianas in robust, well‐replicated experiments. We tested the hypotheses that lianas reduce tree seedling growth and survival, and that the effect of lianas varies with tree species identity. We used a large‐scale liana removal experiment in Central Panama in which we planted 14 replicate seedlings of 14 different tree species that varied in shade tolerance in each of 16 80 × 80 m plots (eight liana‐removal and eight unmanipulated controls; 3136 total seedlings). Over a nearly two‐yr period, we found that tree seedlings survived 75% more, grew 300% taller, and had twice the aboveground biomass in liana‐removal plots than seedlings in control plots, consistent with strong competition between lianas and tree seedlings. There were no significant differences in the response of tree species to liana competition (i.e., there was no species by treatment interaction), indicating that lianas had a similar negative effect on all 14 tree species. Furthermore, the effect of lianas did not vary with tree species shade tolerance classification, suggesting that the liana effect was not solely based on light. Based on these findings, recently observed increases in liana abundance in neotropical forests will substantially reduce tree regeneration, but will not significantly alter tropical tree species diversity, relative abundance, or community composition

Effect of substrate and cutting diameter on the propagation of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (Bignoniaceae).

Efeito de substratos e diâmetros de estacas na propagação de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (Bignoniaceae)