16 research outputs found

    Techniques de contrôle de congestion et de dissémination d'informations dans les réseaux véhiculaires

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    Les réseaux véhiculaires, connus sous le terme VANETs, sont des réseaux impliquant des communications entre deux ou plusieurs véhicules et éventuellement une communication avec des éléments d’infrastructure sur la route. Récemment, le concept de systèmes de transports intelligent a connu beaucoup d’intérêt. Les STI sont des systèmes utilisant les nouvelles technologies de communication sans fil appliquées au domaine du transport pour améliorer la sécurité routière, la logistique et les services d’information. Des défis majeurs ont besoin cependant d'être abordés pour offrir une communication sur la route sécurisée et fiable dans des environnements anonymes et quelquefois hostiles à la communication. Comme dans tout système de communication, les réseaux véhiculaires doivent opérer en respectant des contraintes en termes de qualité de service. Ces contraintes sont d’autant plus strictes quand il s’agit de fournir des services de sécurité sur la route. Ce projet vise à développer des techniques de communication véhiculaires pour le relayage d’informations de manière fiable et à faible délai entre véhicules voyageant à haute vitesse. Ces techniques devront permettre de respecter des contraintes temporelles sévères afin d’envisager leur utilisation dans des applications de sécurité sur la route. Pour ce faire, cette thèse proposera d’abord des techniques efficaces de dissémination d’informations utilisant des approches multi-métriques basées sur différentes mesures en temps-réel. Des méthodes de relayage seront proposées qui permettent de diminuer les délais d’acheminement et augmenter la probabilité de réception. Ces méthodes utiliseront, entre autres, des approches d’adaptation de la portée et/ou de la priorité des messages en fonction de leur type et de l’intérêt éventuels des véhicules récepteurs en la réception de ces messages. Dans un second volet, ce projet proposera des concepts et des méthodes afin de palier au problème de congestion dans les réseaux véhiculaires qui peut résulter conjointement à la dissémination d’informations. Ces concepts et méthodes viseront à respecter la fiabilité exigée par les applications de sécurité, tout en restant conforme aux nouveaux standards de communications véhiculaires

    Design of an adaptive congestion control protocol for reliable vehicle safety communication

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    Handoff management for infotainment services over vehicular networks

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    Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has impulsed the vehicular communications at the present time. The vehicular communications field is a hot research topic and is attracting a great interest in the automotive industry and telecommunications. There are essentially two main lines of work: (1) communication services related to road safety and traffic information; and (2) information and entertainment services, also named infotainment services. These latter services include both transmitting multimedia (voice over IP, streaming, on-line gaming, etc.) and classic data services (e-mail, access to private networks, web browsing, file sharing, etc.). In this thesis we will focus on these infotainment services because further research in this immature research field is necessary and, until nowadays, the main effort of the research community regarding vehicular communication has been focused on road safety and traffic information. Vehicular nodes need to be reached from the Internet and vice versa to be able to access to infotainment services. While vehicles move along the road infrastructure, they change their wireless point of attachment to the network. During this process, connectivity breaks down until the vehicle is connected again to a new road side unit in its area. This disconnection causes a disruption in the communications. Fast handoffs are a crucial requirement for vehicular networks to avoid long disruption times, since the high speed of vehicular nodes involves suffering a lot of handoffs during an Internet connection. This thesis is focused on Vehicular-to-Infrastructure (V2I) real-time infotainment services. The main contributions of this thesis are: i) a new testing framework for V2I communications to be able to test infotainment services in an easy way; ii) the analysis of the deployability of infotainment video services in vehicular networks using mobility protocols; and iii) the development of a new TCP architecture that will provide a better performance for all TCP-based infotainment services in a vehicular scenario with handoffs. In this thesis, firstly, we propose a new testing framework for vehicular infotainment applications. This framework is a vehicular emulation platform that allows testing real applications installed on Linux virtual machines. Using emulation, we are able to evaluate the performance of real applications with real-time requirements, so we can test multimedia applications used to offer infotainment services in vehicular scenarios in a straightforward way. Secondly, using the testing framework implemented in the first part of the thesis, we have done a performance evaluation of an infotainment service. Among these services, we think that video on demand services on highways will be interesting for users, and generate revenue to network operators. So we evaluated how network-layer handoffs can limit the deployment of a video streaming service. According to the results obtained, driving at high speeds will be an issue for a correct playback of video content, even using fast handoffs techniques. Finally, we developed a new TCP architecture to enhance performance during handoffs. Most of the non-safety services on ITS rely on the Transport Control Protocol (TCP), one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. However there exists several issues related to TCP and mobility that can affect to TCP performance, and these issues are particularly important in vehicular networks due to its high mobility. Using new IEEE 802.21 MIH services, we propose a new TCP architecture that is able to anticipate handoffs, permitting to resume the communication after a handoff, avoiding long delays caused by TCP issues and adapting the TCP parameters to the new characteristics of the network. Using the architecture proposed, the performance of TCP is enhanced, getting a higher overall throughput and avoiding TCP fairness issues between users.Els Sistemes de Transport Intel·ligents (ITS) han impulsat les comunicacions vehiculars en l'actualitat. Les comunicacions vehiculars és un camp d'investigació de moda, i està atraient un gran interès en la indústria automobilística i de les telecomunicacions. En el camp de les comunicacions vehiculars, hi ha principalment dues línies de treball: (1) serveis de comunicacions relacionats amb la seguretat viària i la informació del trànsit; i (2) serveis d'informació i entreteniment, també anomenats serveis d'infotainment. Aquests últims inclouen tant serveis multimèdia (veu sobre IP, streaming, jocs on-line, etc.), com serveis clàssics de dades (correu electrònic, accés a xarxes privades, navegació web, compartir arxius, etc.). En aquesta tesi ens centrarem en aquests serveis d'infotainment ja que és necessari aprofundir en la investigació per aquests tipus de serveis, ja que, fins avui, els esforços de la comunitat científica en el camp de les comunicacions vehiculars s'ha centrat en els serveis relacionats amb la seguretat viària i la informació del trànsit. Els nodes vehiculars necessiten tenir connexió a Internet per a poder tenir accés als serveis d'infotainment. Mentre els vehicles estan en moviment a través de la xarxa viària, els vehicles han d'anar canviant el punt de connexió sense fils amb la xarxa. Durant aquest procés de canvi de punt de connexió, anomenat handoff, es perd la connectivitat fins que el vehicle es reconnecta a un altre punt de connexió viària prop de la seva àrea. Aquesta desconnexió causa interrupcions en les comunicacions. Uns handoffs ràpids són bàsics a les xarxes vehiculars per a evitar llargs períodes d'interrupció durant les comunicacions, ja que la gran velocitat a la que es mouen els nodes vehiculars significa un gran nombre de handoffs durant una connexió a Internet. Aquesta tesi es centra en serveis d'infotaiment en temps real per a comunicacions Vehicle-a-Infraestructura (V2I). Les principals contribucions d'aquesta tesi son: i) un nou marc de proves per a les comunicacions (V2I) per a poder provar serveis d'infotainment d'una manera fàcil; ii) l'anàlisi de la viabilitat del desplegament de serveis d'infotainment de vídeo en xarxes vehiculars utilitzant protocols de mobilitat IP; i iii) el desenvolupament d'una nova arquitectura TCP que proporciona un millor funcionament per a tots aquells serveis d'infotainment basats en el protocol TCP en un escenari vehicular amb handoffs. En aquesta tesi, primer proposem un nou marc de proves per a aplicacions vehiculars d'infotainment. Aquest marc és una plataforma d'emulació vehicular que permet provar aplicacions reals instal·lades en màquines virtuals Linux. Utilitzant l'emulació, som capaços d'avaluar el rendiment d'aplicacions reals amb característiques de temps real. D'aquesta manera es poden avaluar aplicacions multimèdia utilitzades per oferir serveis d'infotainment d'una forma senzilla en escenaris vehiculars. Segon, utilitzant el marc de prova implementat en la primera part de la tesi, hem avaluat el rendiment d'un servei d'infotainment. Entre aquest tipus de servei, creem que els serveis de vídeo sota demanda en autopistes/autovies serà interessant pels usuaris i generarà beneficis per als operadors de la xarxa. Per tant, hem avaluat com els handoffs a nivell de la capa de xarxa poden limitar el desplegament d'un servei de streaming de vídeo sota demanda. D'acord amb els resultats obtinguts, conduir a grans velocitats podria ser un problema per a poder reproduir un vídeo correctament, tot i utilitzar tècniques de handoffs ràpids. Finalment, hem desenvolupat una nova arquitectura TCP per a millorar el rendiment del protocol durant els handoffs. La majoria dels serveis d'infotainment utilitzen el Protocol de Control de Transport (TCP), un dels principals protocols de la pila de protocols d'Internet. Però existeixen forces problemes relacionats amb l'ús de TCP i la mobilitat que n'afecta el rendiment, i aquests problemes són particular

    Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

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    This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

    Simulation of basic multi-hop broadcast techniques in vehicular Ad-Hoc networks using veins simulator

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    Research of Broadcast Techniques in Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks using the VEINS simulatorThis project presents to the reader an incursion into the world of smart cities and vehicles, intelligent transport systems, and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). They are conceptually analyzed, studied in terms of requirements, framework, architecture, applications and standardization. The main objective of this project is the simulation of basic techniques of message dissemination in VANETs, this project shows a brief description of broadcast dissemination techniques. Also, it is necessary to analyze simulation of VANETs. For this reason, it presents a brief description of mobility generators, network simulators and VANETs simulators paying attention to the open source ones. The main focus is set on the VEINS simulation framework, due to its high performance results and a bidirectional coupling between the network and the traffic simulators. From that point, the project is aimed at analyzing the basic paradigms of VEINS components (OMNeT++, SUMO and the TraCI module) and providing a study on their features. Three techniques are simulated (Flooding, Counter and Probability schemes) in two different scenarios (urban and highway), the simulation results are shown focused on the amount of retransmitting nodes, percentage of reached nodes, amount of packets sent, average packet delay, and percentage of packets received. Finally, a detailed manual is presented to the reader. This manual shows how to install the VEINS simulator and its components in both Windows and Linux systems. In addition, it shows how to create a scenario from an extracted map from OpenStreetMap

    Bigger is Better - Combining Contention Window Adaptation with Geo-based Backoff Generation in DSRC Networks

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    The vision of safer transportation is strongly driven by the introduction of Vehicular Safety Communications (VSC) to enable new cooperative safety applications. In highly dense traffic scenarios, however, the current Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology is expected to face serious performance problems due to simultaneous transmissions making packets to collide with each other. In this paper, we first analyze the sources of packet collisions. The analysis reveals a significant amount of simultaneous transmissions as vehicles have chosen the same backoff counter, especially in the close vicinity, which is the most critical area with respect to safety. Based on these observations, we then introduce a new concept for DSRC backoff generation called geo-backoff. It implements two countermeasures: First, we increase the Contention Window (CW) to reduce the probability of simultaneous transmissions in general. Second, we exploit geographical information for generating the current backoff counter to further reduce the probability of packet collisions at short (critical) ranges. We analyze our concept from a traditional TX-RX perspective (latency) as well as an RX-centric perspective (update delay). The simulation results indeed have shown that geo-backoff is able to improve the communication performance, but the improvement is mainly dominated by just increasing the CW

    Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

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    Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

    Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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    Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms
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