Potential impacts of institutional dynamics on the development of automated vehicles: Towards sustainable mobility?

Most experts agree that automated vehicles (AV) will be commercialized sooner or later and that this will lead to far-reaching changes in the mobility system. However, it is still open whether these developments will lead to more sustainable transport systems. AVs may render private car ownership more attractive and therefore intensify car-oriented mobility patterns, or may increase the attractiveness of public transport when mostly used as robo-taxis. Once development has started to move in a specific direction, self-reinforcing dynamics and path-dependencies may unfold. Therefore, it is important to analyze which factors may influence the direction of path-dependencies. We argue that understanding emerging path-dependencies requires an understanding of the interrelated technical, economic and societal dynamics. We draw on recent insights into societal dynamics in sociotechnical regimes, drawn from sustainability transition research, to identify potential development trajectories of automated driving due to changes in what is conceptualized as normative-cognitive institutions. We introduce an approach to map such institutional dynamics based on recent data from developments in the German mobility sector. Results demonstrate that the direction of future AV pathways may depend on such institutional developments. Both a reinforcing and a disruptive pathway are plausible. Governance strategies that aim to tap the potential of AVs in supporting sustainable urban mobility should consider institutional dynamics more explicitly

Data ethics : building trust : how digital technologies can serve humanity

Data is the magic word of the 21st century. As oil in the 20th century and electricity in the 19th century: For citizens, data means support in daily life in almost all activities, from watch to laptop, from kitchen to car, from mobile phone to politics. For business and politics, data means power, dominance, winning the race. Data can be used for good and bad, for services and hacking, for medicine and arms race. How can we build trust in this complex and ambiguous data world? How can digital technologies serve humanity? The 45 articles in this book represent a broad range of ethical reflections and recommendations in eight sections: a) Values, Trust and Law, b) AI, Robots and Humans, c) Health and Neuroscience, d) Religions for Digital Justice, e) Farming, Business, Finance, f) Security, War, Peace, g) Data Governance, Geopolitics, h) Media, Education, Communication. The authors and institutions come from all continents. The book serves as reading material for teachers, students, policy makers, politicians, business, hospitals, NGOs and religious organisations alike. It is an invitation for dialogue, debate and building trust! The book is a continuation of the volume “Cyber Ethics 4.0” published in 2018 by the same editors

Corporate incubators : promoting disruptive innovation and competitive advantage to mitigate the innovator’s dilemma? : the comparative cases of Bosch’s grow platform GmbH and Deutsche Bahn’s DB intrapreneurs

The global business environment is fast-changing with novel technologies and new entrants constantly altering the rules of the game. Many incumbents find their leadership positions increasingly precarious and threatened. In recent years, corporate entrepreneurship, or entrepreneurship from within, has gained importance as a strategy that potentially resolves this threat for companies. Many authors have established positive correlations between corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance. As a result, intrapreneurship has become more and more attractive. One of the many forms of corporate entrepreneurship is the corporate incubator which aims to increase innovativeness and business model development in companies. This thesis analyzes corporate incubator programs with regard to their innovativeness, ability to create competitive advantages to determine whether they are a viable solution to the so-called innovator’s dilemma proposed by Christensen (1997). To this end, a comparative case study approach was adopted with two representative institutions within German corporates analyzed. The results suggest that those programs are able to foster innovativeness and the entrepreneurial mindset in their parent companies and that they do also contribute to the parent’s competitiveness. Although they cannot completely eliminate it, corporate incubators can further aid in mitigating the innovator’s dilemma. Research question: Do corporate incubators and intrapreneurship promote (disruptive) innovation and competitive advantage to mitigate the innovator’s dilemma? – the comparative cases of Bosch’s grow platform GmbH and Deutsche Bahn’s DB Intrapreneurs.O ambiente de negócios global está em rápida mudança com novas tecnologias e novos competidores alterando constantemente as regras do jogo. Muitos dos operadores em exercício consideram as suas posições de liderança mais precárias e ameaçadas. Nos últimos anos, o empreendedorismo empresarial ganhou importância como estratégia que potencialmente resolve esta ameaça para as empresas. Muitos autores estabeleceram correlações positivas entre o empreendedorismo empresarial e o desempenho da empresa. Como resultado, o empreendedorismo intra-empresarial tornou-se cada vez mais atraente. Uma das formas de empreendedorismo corporativo é a incubadora de empresas que visa aumentar a inovação e o desenvolvimento do modelo de negócios nas empresas. Esta tese analisa os programas de incubadoras de empresas no que diz respeito à sua capacidade de inovação, capacidade de criar vantagens competitivas para determinar se são uma solução viável para o dilema do inovador proposto pela Christensen (1997). Para tanto, foi adotada uma abordagem de estudo de caso comparativo com duas instituições representativas dentro das corporações alemãs analisadas. Os resultados sugerem que esses programas são capazes de fomentar a inovação e a mentalidade empreendedora em suas empresas-mãe e que contribuem para a competitividade da matriz. Embora não possam eliminá-lo completamente, as incubadoras de empresas podem ajudar ainda mais a mitigar o dilema do inovador. Pergunta de pesquisa: As incubadoras de empresas e o empreendedorismo intraempresarial promovem a inovação (disruptiva) e a vantagem competitiva para mitigar o dilema do inovador? - os casos comparativos da grow platform GmbH da Bosch e da DB Intrapreneurs da Deutsche Bahn

Framing Electric Mobility for Urban Sustainability in a Circular Economy Context: An Overview of the Literature

The development of electro-mobility is one of the centerpieces of European country attempts to reduce carbon emissions and increase the quality of life in cities. The goals of reducing emissions from the transport sector and phasing out fossil-fueled vehicles in (urban) transport by 2050 present unrivaled opportunities to foster electro-mobility. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and provides a detailed analysis of the current development of electro-mobility in Europe, assessing social, economic, and environmental aspects under a circular economy (CE) context. It also examines the existing challenges and suggests ways of addressing them towards improving the environmental performance of electro-mobility and the urban quality of life. The paper argues that a narrow technology-only agenda in electro-mobility will be less successful without the imperative of the CE, including not just materials and resources but also energy, to unlock the medium-term co-benefits of de-carbonization of both the transport as well as the building and energy sectors. The paper critically reviews some of the anticipated future developments that may guide the growth of this rapidly growing field into a CE