Analysis of cybersecurity threats in Industry 4.0: the case of intrusion detection

Nowadays, industrial control systems are experiencing a new revolution with the interconnection of the operational equipment with the Internet, and the introduction of cutting-edge technologies such as Cloud Computing or Big data within the organization. These and other technologies are paving the way to the Industry 4.0. However, the advent of these technologies, and the innovative services that are enabled by them, will also bring novel threats whose impact needs to be understood. As a result, this paper provides an analysis of the evolution of these cyber-security issues and the requirements that must be satis ed by intrusion detection defense mechanisms in this context.Springer ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Towards Arabic multi-modal sentiment analysis

In everyday life, people use internet to express and share opinions, facts, and sentiments about products and services. In addition, social media applications such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Snapchat etc., have become important information sharing platforms. Apart from these, a collection of product reviews, facts, poll information, etc., is a need for every company or organization ranging from start-ups to big firms and governments. Clearly, it is very challenging to analyse such big data to improve products, services, and satisfy customer requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to automate the evaluation process using advanced sentiment analysis techniques. Most of previous works focused on uni-modal sentiment analysis mainly textual model. In this paper, a novel Arabic multimodal dataset is presented and validated using state-of-the-art support vector machine (SVM) based classification method

Big Data Reference Architecture for e-Learning Analytical Systems

The recent advancements in technology have produced big data and become the necessity for researcher to analyze the data in order to make it meaningful. Massive amounts of data are collected across social media sites, mobile communications, business environments and institutions. In order to efficiently analyze this large quantity of raw data, the concept of big data was introduced. In this regard, big data analytic is needed in order to provide techniques to analyze the data. This new concept is expected to help education in the near future, by changing the way we approach the e-Learning process, by encouraging the interaction between learners and teachers, by allowing the fulfilment of the individual requirements and goals of learners. The learning environment generates massive knowledge by means of the various services provided in massive open online courses. Such knowledge is produced via learning actor interactions. Also, data analytics can be a valuable tool to help e-Learning organizations deliver better services to the public. It can provide important insights into consumer behavior and better predict demand for goods and services, thereby allowing for better resource management. This result motivates to put forward solutions for big data usage to the educational field. This research article unfolds a big data reference architecture for e-Learning analytical systems to make a unified analysis of the massive data generated by learning actors. This reference architecture makes the process of the massive data produced in big data e-learning system. Finally, the BiDRA for e-Learning analytical systems was evaluated based on the quality of maintainability, modularity, reusability, performance, and scalability

Big Data in Smart-Cities: Current Research and Challenges

Smart-cities are an emerging paradigm containing heterogeneous network infrastructure, ubiquitous sensing devices, big-data processing and intelligent control systems. Their primary aim is to improve the quality of life of the citizens by providing intelligent services in a wide variety of aspects like transportation, healthcare, entertainment, environment, and energy. In order to provide such services, the role of big-data and its analysis is extremely important as it enables to obtain valuable insights into the large data generated by the smart-cities.  In this article, we investigate the state-of-art research efforts directed towards big-data analytics in a smart-city context. Specifically, first we present a big-data centric taxonomy for the smart-cities to bring forth a generic overview of the importance of big-data paradigm in a smart-city environment. This is followed by the presentation of a top-level snapshot of the commonly used big-data analytical platforms. Due to the heterogeneity of data being collected by the smart-cities, often with conflicting processing requirements, suitable analytical techniques depending upon the data type are also suggested. In addition to this, a generic four-tier big-data framework comprising of the sensing hub, storage hub, processing hub and application hub is also proposed that can be applied in any smart-city context. This is complemented by providing the common big-data applications in a smart-city and presentation of ten selected case studies of smart-cities across the globe. Finally, the open challenges are highlighted in order to give future research directions

Data Placement for Privacy-Aware Applications over Big Data in Hybrid Clouds

Nowadays, a large number of groups choose to deploy their applications to cloud platforms, especially for the big data era. Currently, the hybrid cloud is one of the most popular computing paradigms for holding the privacy-aware applications driven by the requirements of privacy protection and cost saving. However, it is still a challenge to realize data placement considering both the energy consumption in private cloud and the cost for renting the public cloud services. In view of this challenge, a cost and energy aware data placement method, named CEDP, for privacy-aware applications over big data in hybrid cloud is proposed. Technically, formalized analysis of cost, access time, and energy consumption is conducted in the hybrid cloud environment. Then a corresponding data placement method is designed to accomplish the cost saving for renting the public cloud services and energy savings for task execution within the private cloud platforms. Experimental evaluations validate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed method

Preference Aware Service Recommendation Using Collaborative Filtering Approach

Service recommendations are shown as remarkable tools for providing recommendations to users in an appropriate way. In the last few years, the number of customers, online information and services has grown very rapidly, resulting in the big data analysis problem for service recommendation system. Consequently, there is scalability and inefficiency problems associated with the traditional service recommendation system which suffers in processing or analyzing large-scale data. Moreover, most of available service recommendation system gives the same rankings and ratings of services to different users without any considerations of many user’s preferences, and hence it fails to reach user’s personalized requirements. In this paper, we have proposed a Preference-Aware Service Recommendation method, to overcome the above challenges. It aims at recommending the most appropriate and preferred services to the users and provide a personalized service recommendation list in an effective way. Here, users' preferences are captured as keywords, and a user-based Collaborative filtering approach is adopted to create appropriate recommendations. A widely-adopted distributed computing platform, Hadoop is used for the implementation of this approach, which improves its efficiency and scalability in big data environment, using the MapReduce parallel processing method. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150510

Implementation of Collaborative Filtering Approach in Preference Aware Service Recommendation

Service recommendations are shown as remarkable tools for providing recommendations to users in an appropriate way. In the last few years, the number of customers, online information and services has grown very rapidly, resulting in the big data analysis problem for service recommendation system. Consequently, there is scalability and inefficiency problems associated with the traditional service recommendation system which suffers in processing or analyzing large-scale data. Moreover, most of available service recommendation system gives the same rankings and ratings of services to different users without any considerations of many user’s preferences, and hence it fails to reach user’s personalized requirements. In this paper, we have proposed a Preference-Aware Service Recommendation method, to overcome the above challenges. It aims at recommending the most appropriate and preferred services to the users and provide a personalized service recommendation list in an effective way. Here, users' preferences are captured as keywords, and a user-based Collaborative filtering approach is adopted to create appropriate recommendations. A widely-adopted distributed computing platform, Hadoop is used for the implementation of this approach, which improves its efficiency and scalability in big data environment, using the MapReduce parallel processing method. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15034

Improving Online Education Using Big Data Technologies

In a world in full digital transformation, where new information and communication technologies are constantly evolving, the current challenge of Computing Environments for Human Learning (CEHL) is to search the right way to integrate and harness the power of these technologies. In fact, these environments face many challenges, especially the increased demand for learning, the huge growth in the number of learners, the heterogeneity of available resources as well as the problems related to the complexity of intensive processing and real-time analysis of data produced by e-learning systems, which goes beyond the limits of traditional infrastructures and relational database management systems. This chapter presents a number of solutions dedicated to CEHL around the two big paradigms, namely cloud computing and Big Data. The first part of this work is dedicated to the presentation of an approach to integrate both emerging technologies of the big data ecosystem and on-demand services of the cloud in the e-learning field. It aims to enrich and enhance the quality of e-learning platforms relying on the services provided by the cloud accessible via the internet. It introduces distributed storage and parallel computing of Big Data in order to provide robust solutions to the requirements of intensive processing, predictive analysis, and massive storage of learning data. To do this, a methodology is presented and applied which describes the integration process. In addition, this chapter also addresses the deployment of a distributed e-learning architecture combining several recent tools of the Big Data and based on a strategy of data decentralization and the parallelization of the treatments on a cluster of nodes. Finally, this article aims to develop a Big Data solution for online learning platforms based on LMS Moodle. A course recommendation system has been designed and implemented relying on machine learning techniques, to help the learner select the most relevant learning resources according to their interests through the analysis of learning traces. The realization of this system is done using the learning data collected from the ESTenLigne platform and Spark Framework deployed on Hadoop infrastructure

Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Fraud Analytics:Identifying the Main Data Protection Challenges for Public Administrations

Fraud Analytics refers to the use of Big Data Analytics to detect fraud. Numerous techniques, from data mining to social network analysis, are applied to detect various types of fraud. While Fraud Analytics offers the promise of more efficiency in fighting fraud, it also raises data protection challenges for public administrations. Indeed, whether they use traditional or advanced techniques, administrations consistently use more and more data to deliver public services. In this regard, they often need to process citizen’s personal data. Therefore, administrations have to consider data protection legal requirements. While these legal requirements are well documented, the concrete way in which they have been integrated by public administrations in their Fraud Analytics process remains unexplored. Accordingly, we examine two case studies within the Belgian Federal administration (the detection of tax frauds and of social security infringements), in order to shed light on the main data protection challenges faced by public administrations in this regard