199 research outputs found
On the state space geometry of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky flow in a periodic domain
The continuous and discrete symmetries of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky system
restricted to a spatially periodic domain play a prominent role in shaping the
invariant sets of its chaotic dynamics. The continuous spatial translation
symmetry leads to relative equilibrium (traveling wave) and relative periodic
orbit (modulated traveling wave) solutions. The discrete symmetries lead to
existence of equilibrium and periodic orbit solutions, induce decomposition of
state space into invariant subspaces, and enforce certain structurally stable
heteroclinic connections between equilibria. We show, on the example of a
particular small-cell Kuramoto-Sivashinsky system, how the geometry of its
dynamical state space is organized by a rigid `cage' built by heteroclinic
connections between equilibria, and demonstrate the preponderance of unstable
relative periodic orbits and their likely role as the skeleton underpinning
spatiotemporal turbulence in systems with continuous symmetries. We also offer
novel visualizations of the high-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky state space
flow through projections onto low-dimensional, PDE representation independent,
dynamically invariant intrinsic coordinate frames, as well as in terms of the
physical, symmetry invariant energy transfer rates.Comment: 31 pages, 17 figures; added references, corrected typos. Due to file
size restrictions some figures in this preprint are of low quality. A high
quality copy may be obtained from
http://www.cns.gatech.edu/~predrag/papers/preprints.html#rp
Continuation for thin film hydrodynamics and related scalar problems
This chapter illustrates how to apply continuation techniques in the analysis
of a particular class of nonlinear kinetic equations that describe the time
evolution through transport equations for a single scalar field like a
densities or interface profiles of various types. We first systematically
introduce these equations as gradient dynamics combining mass-conserving and
nonmass-conserving fluxes followed by a discussion of nonvariational amendmends
and a brief introduction to their analysis by numerical continuation. The
approach is first applied to a number of common examples of variational
equations, namely, Allen-Cahn- and Cahn-Hilliard-type equations including
certain thin-film equations for partially wetting liquids on homogeneous and
heterogeneous substrates as well as Swift-Hohenberg and Phase-Field-Crystal
equations. Second we consider nonvariational examples as the
Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, convective Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard
equations and thin-film equations describing stationary sliding drops and a
transversal front instability in a dip-coating. Through the different examples
we illustrate how to employ the numerical tools provided by the packages
auto07p and pde2path to determine steady, stationary and time-periodic
solutions in one and two dimensions and the resulting bifurcation diagrams. The
incorporation of boundary conditions and integral side conditions is also
discussed as well as problem-specific implementation issues
Time integration and steady-state continuation for 2d lubrication equations
Lubrication equations allow to describe many structurin processes of thin
liquid films. We develop and apply numerical tools suitable for their analysis
employing a dynamical systems approach. In particular, we present a time
integration algorithm based on exponential propagation and an algorithm for
steady-state continuation. In both algorithms a Cayley transform is employed to
overcome numerical problems resulting from scale separation in space and time.
An adaptive time-step allows to study the dynamics close to hetero- or
homoclinic connections. The developed framework is employed on the one hand to
analyse different phases of the dewetting of a liquid film on a horizontal
homogeneous substrate. On the other hand, we consider the depinning of drops
pinned by a wettability defect. Time-stepping and path-following are used in
both cases to analyse steady-state solutions and their bifurcations as well as
dynamic processes on short and long time-scales. Both examples are treated for
two- and three-dimensional physical settings and prove that the developed
algorithms are reliable and efficient for 1d and 2d lubrication equations,
respectively.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figure
Additive noise effects in active nonlinear spatially extended systems
We examine the effects of pure additive noise on spatially extended systems
with quadratic nonlinearities. We develop a general multiscale theory for such
systems and apply it to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation as a case study. We
first focus on a regime close to the instability onset (primary bifurcation),
where the system can be described by a single dominant mode. We show
analytically that the resulting noise in the equation describing the amplitude
of the dominant mode largely depends on the nature of the stochastic forcing.
For a highly degenerate noise, in the sense that it is acting on the first
stable mode only, the amplitude equation is dominated by a pure multiplicative
noise, which in turn induces the dominant mode to undergo several critical
state transitions and complex phenomena, including intermittency and
stabilisation, as the noise strength is increased. The intermittent behaviour
is characterised by a power-law probability density and the corresponding
critical exponent is calculated rigorously by making use of the first-passage
properties of the amplitude equation. On the other hand, when the noise is
acting on the whole subspace of stable modes, the multiplicative noise is
corrected by an additive-like term, with the eventual loss of any stabilised
state. We also show that the stochastic forcing has no effect on the dominant
mode dynamics when it is acting on the second stable mode. Finally, in a regime
which is relatively far from the instability onset, so that there are two
unstable modes, we observe numerically that when the noise is acting on the
first stable mode, both dominant modes show noise-induced complex phenomena
similar to the single-mode case
Recurrent spatio-temporal structures in presence of continuous symmetries
When statistical assumptions do not hold and coherent structures are present in spatially extended systems such as fluid flows, flame fronts and field theories, a dynamical description of turbulent phenomena becomes necessary. In the dynamical systems approach, theory of turbulence for a given system, with given boundary conditions, is given by (a) the geometry of its infinite-dimensional state space and (b) the associated measure, that is, the likelihood that asymptotic dynamics visits a given state space region.
In this thesis this vision is pursued in the context of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky system, one of the simplest physically interesting spatially extended nonlinear systems. With periodic boundary conditions, continuous translational symmetry endows state space with additional structure that often dictates the type of observed solutions. At the same time, the notion of recurrence becomes relative: asymptotic dynamics visits the neighborhood of any equivalent, translated point, infinitely often. Identification of points related by the symmetry group action, termed symmetry reduction, although conceptually simple as the group action is linear, is hard to implement in practice, yet it leads to dramatic simplification of dynamics.
Here we propose a scheme, based on the method of moving frames of Cartan, to efficiently project solutions of high-dimensional truncations of partial differential equations computed in the original space to a reduced state space. The procedure simplifies the visualization of high-dimensional flows and provides new insight into the role the unstable manifolds of equilibria and traveling waves play in organizing Kuramoto-Sivashinsky flow. This in turn elucidates the mechanism that creates unstable modulated traveling waves (periodic orbits in reduced space) that provide a skeleton of the dynamics. The compact description of dynamics thus achieved sets the stage for reduction of the dynamics to mappings between a set of Poincare sections.Ph.D.Committee Chair: Cvitanovic, Predrag; Committee Member: Dieci, Luca; Committee Member: Grigoriev, Roman; Committee Member: Schatz, Michael; Committee Member: Wiesenfeld, Kur
Propagating reaction fronts in moving fluids
La presente tesis tuvo como objetivo estudiar frentes de reacción modelados mediante la ecuación de Kuramoto-Sivashinsky sujetos a diferentes tipos de movimiento de fluido: flujo externo de Poiseuille, el cual es contrastado con el flujo de Couette, y flujo convectivo debido a la inestabilidad de Rayleigh-Taylor. En el primer caso, los frentes se propagan a favor o en contra de un flujo estacionario bidimensional entre dos placas paralelas que se conoce como flujo de Poiseuille. Para pequeñas distancias entre las placas, encontramos frentes estacionarios que pueden ser planos, simétricos o asimétricos, dependiendo de la separación de las placas y de la velocidad promedio del fluido externo. Adicionalmente, descubrimos que los frentes simétricos estables que se propagan en sentido opuesto al flujo simétrico externo se vuelven asimétricos al incrementar la rapidez del flujo externo. En el caso del flujo externo de Couette, el flujo es producido por el movimiento de dos placas paralelas en sentidos opuestos. Hallamos que la estabilidad y la forma de los frentes estacionarios dependen de la velocidad relativa entre las placas y de su separación. Estos parámetros desempeñan un papel importante, puesto que pueden convertir frentes inestables en estables. En el último caso, las inestabilidades en el frente producidas cuando un fluido más denso se encuentra encima de un fluido menos denso se conocen como inestabilidades de Rayleigh-Taylor y son causadas por la diferencia de densidades a través del frente bajo la acción de la gravedad. El frente describe la interfaz delgada que separa los fluidos de diferente densidad dentro de dos placas paralelas verticales; mientras que la convección causada por las fuerzas de flotación a través de la interfaz delgada determina el flujo debido a la inestabilidad de Rayleigh-Taylor. Para el estudio de los efectos del flujo externo sobre los frentes de reacción, primero obtuvimos los frentes y luego realizaremos un análisis de estabilidad lineal para determinar la estabilidad de los frentes bajo los tres tipos de movimiento del fluido. La forma de los frentes y sus respectivas regiones de estabilidad fueron contrastadas con los frentes en ausencia de flujo externo. Los resultados de la investigación fueron publicados en tres revistas internacionales arbitradas e indexadas: Physical Review E (2012), Chaos (2014), y European Physics Journal (2014). Adicionalmente, la tesis presenta resultados para frentes oscilantes y sus transiciones al caos debido a la interacción del frente de reacción con los flujos externos antes mencionados.Tesi
Unstable recurrent patterns in Kuramoto-Sivashinsky dynamics
We undertake a systematic exploration of recurrent patterns in a
1-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky system. For a small, but already rather
turbulent system, the long-time dynamics takes place on a low-dimensional
invariant manifold. A set of equilibria offers a coarse geometrical partition
of this manifold. A variational method enables us to determine numerically a
large number of unstable spatiotemporally periodic solutions. The attracting
set appears surprisingly thin - its backbone are several Smale horseshoe
repellers, well approximated by intrinsic local 1-dimensional return maps, each
with an approximate symbolic dynamics. The dynamics appears decomposable into
chaotic dynamics within such local repellers, interspersed by rapid jumps
between them.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Accurate macroscale modelling of spatial dynamics in multiple dimensions
Developments in dynamical systems theory provides new support for the
macroscale modelling of pdes and other microscale systems such as Lattice
Boltzmann, Monte Carlo or Molecular Dynamics simulators. By systematically
resolving subgrid microscale dynamics the dynamical systems approach constructs
accurate closures of macroscale discretisations of the microscale system. Here
we specifically explore reaction-diffusion problems in two spatial dimensions
as a prototype of generic systems in multiple dimensions. Our approach unifies
into one the modelling of systems by a type of finite elements, and the
`equation free' macroscale modelling of microscale simulators efficiently
executing only on small patches of the spatial domain. Centre manifold theory
ensures that a closed model exist on the macroscale grid, is emergent, and is
systematically approximated. Dividing space either into overlapping finite
elements or into spatially separated small patches, the specially crafted
inter-element/patch coupling also ensures that the constructed discretisations
are consistent with the microscale system/PDE to as high an order as desired.
Computer algebra handles the considerable algebraic details as seen in the
specific application to the Ginzburg--Landau PDE. However, higher order models
in multiple dimensions require a mixed numerical and algebraic approach that is
also developed. The modelling here may be straightforwardly adapted to a wide
class of reaction-diffusion PDEs and lattice equations in multiple space
dimensions. When applied to patches of microscopic simulations our coupling
conditions promise efficient macroscale simulation.Comment: some figures with 3D interaction when viewed in Acrobat Reader. arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0904.085
- …