9 research outputs found
Estudo do Conversor DAB para Aplicação em Nanorredes de Energia
TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia Elétrica.Nanorredes são sistemas autônomos de energia em corrente continua conectando digitalmente consumidores entre si, além de sistemas de geração distribuída e elementos de armazenamento de energia dentro de prédios. Estes sistemas são pequenos, modulares e permitem uma rede de distribuição de energia mais flexível. Conversores chaveados são componentes essenciais para o funcionamento deste tipo de sistema, por permitirem o controle do fluxo de energia entre o sistema de armazenamento de energia e cargas consumidoras. Assim, este projeto tem como objetivo a implementação de um conversor cc-cc que permita o carregamento de um banco de baterias de chumbo-ácido
A novel power management and control design framework for resilient operation of microgrids
This thesis concerns the investigation of the integration of the microgrid, a form of future electric grids, with renewable energy sources, and electric vehicles. It presents an innovative modular tri-level hierarchical management and control design framework for the future grid as a radical departure from the ‘centralised’ paradigm in conventional systems, by capturing and exploiting the unique characteristics of a host of new actors in the energy arena - renewable energy sources, storage systems and electric vehicles. The formulation of the tri-level hierarchical management and control design framework involves a new perspective on the problem description of the power management of EVs within a microgrid, with the consideration of, among others, the bi-directional energy flow between storage and renewable sources. The chronological structure of the tri-level hierarchical management operation facilitates a modular power management and control framework from three levels: Microgrid Operator (MGO), Charging Station Operator (CSO), and Electric Vehicle Operator (EVO). At the top level is the MGO that handles long-term decisions of balancing the power flow between the Distributed Generators (DGs) and the electrical demand for a restructure realistic microgrid model. Optimal scheduling operation of the DGs and EVs is used within the MGO to minimise the total combined operating and emission costs of a hybrid microgrid including the unit commitment strategy. The results have convincingly revealed that discharging EVs could reduce the total cost of the microgrid operation.
At the middle level is the CSO that manages medium-term decisions of centralising the operation of aggregated EVs connected to the bus-bar of the microgrid. An energy management concept of charging or discharging the power of EVs in different situations includes the impacts of frequency and voltage deviation on the system, which is developed upon the MGO model above. Comprehensive case studies show that the EVs can act as a regulator of the microgrid, and can control their participating role by discharging active or reactive power in mitigating frequency and/or voltage deviations.
Finally, at the low level is the EVO that handles the short-term decisions of decentralising the functioning of an EV and essential power interfacing circuitry, as well as the generation of low-level switching functions. EVO level is a novel Power and Energy Management System (PEMS), which is further structured into three modular, hierarchical processes: Energy Management Shell (EMS), Power Management Shell (PMS), and Power Electronic Shell (PES). The shells operate chronologically with a different object and a different period term. Controlling the power electronics interfacing circuitry is an essential part of the integration of EVs into the microgrid within the EMS. A modified, multi-level, H-bridge cascade inverter without the use of a main (bulky) inductor is proposed to achieve good performance, high power density, and high efficiency. The proposed inverter can operate with multiple energy resources connected in series to create a synergized energy system. In addition, the integration of EVs into a simulated microgrid environment via a modified multi-level architecture with a novel method of Space Vector Modulation (SVM) by the PES is implemented and validated experimentally. The results from the SVM implementation demonstrate a viable alternative switching scheme for high-performance inverters in EV applications.
The comprehensive simulation results from the MGO and CSO models, together with the experimental results at the EVO level, not only validate the distinctive functionality of each layer within a novel synergy to harness multiple energy resources, but also serve to provide compelling evidence for the potential of the proposed energy management and control framework in the design of future electric grids. The design framework provides an essential design to for grid modernisation
Smart Metering Technology and Services
Global energy context has become more and more complex in the last decades; the raising prices of fuels together with economic crisis, new international environmental and energy policies that are forcing companies. Nowadays, as we approach the problem of global warming and climate changes, smart metering technology has an effective use and is crucial for reaching the 2020 energy efficiency and renewable energy targets as a future for smart grids. The environmental targets are modifying the shape of the electricity sectors in the next century. The smart technologies and demand side management are the key features of the future of the electricity sectors. The target challenges are coupling the innovative smart metering services with the smart meters technologies, and the consumers' behaviour should interact with new technologies and polices. The book looks for the future of the electricity demand and the challenges posed by climate changes by using the smart meters technologies and smart meters services. The book is written by leaders from academia and industry experts who are handling the smart meters technologies, infrastructure, protocols, economics, policies and regulations. It provides a promising aspect of the future of the electricity demand. This book is intended for academics and engineers who are working in universities, research institutes, utilities and industry sectors wishing to enhance their idea and get new information about the smart meters
Innovation in Energy Systems
It has been a little over a century since the inception of interconnected networks and little has changed in the way that they are operated. Demand-supply balance methods, protection schemes, business models for electric power companies, and future development considerations have remained the same until very recently. Distributed generators, storage devices, and electric vehicles have become widespread and disrupted century-old bulk generation - bulk transmission operation. Distribution networks are no longer passive networks and now contribute to power generation. Old billing and energy trading schemes cannot accommodate this change and need revision. Furthermore, bidirectional power flow is an unprecedented phenomenon in distribution networks and traditional protection schemes require a thorough fix for proper operation. This book aims to cover new technologies, methods, and approaches developed to meet the needs of this changing field
MODELING, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH GAIN POWER ELECTRONIC DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR NANOGRID APPLICATIONS
Nanogrids are nothing but power distribution systems that are based on renewable energy sources and are apt for low-power home applications. Nanogrids are considered to be the building cells of a Microgrid. Nanogrid is intended for feeding domestic loads (of the order of 100 W to 5 kW) from renewable energy sources such as wind farms, roof-top solar photovoltaic, biomass, and fuel cell, etc. Nonetheless, the voltages produced by these renewable energy sources are small and not sufficient enough to be utilized in all the applications. Hence, it is necessary to include high gain and high-efficiency DC-DC converters in the system. To interface the generators and the loads, power electronic converters are employed within a Nanogrid. The power system grid is also linked to the Nanogrid using these converters. The most fundamental characteristics of the high-gain DC-DC converters are high efficiency, high-voltage gain, and low voltage/current stress on switching components.
A comprehensive literature review of various boosting methods is disseminated in this research work. After a detailed investigation, five new DC-DC power converter topologies have been designed and developed to achieve high gain factors with reduced switch ratings and low cost for use in Nanogrids. The proposed converters cannot only reduce voltage/current stresses across the switching components significantly but also achieve a higher voltage gain at moderate duty cycles with a lesser number of components. Moreover, the proposed converters are designed in such a way that they can maintain a continuous input current, and hence making them useful for power conversion in the battery, fuel cell, and solar PV applications. By using boosting technique five novel high voltage gain DC-DC converters are developed and presented in the dissertation, namely:
1. modified Switched Inductor Boost Converter (mSIBC) with reduced switch voltage stress,
2. Transformer-less Boost Converter (TBC) with reduced voltage stress,
3. Switched-Inductor based DC-DC Converter with reduced switch current stress,
4. Novel High Gain Active Switched Network-Based Converter, and
5. Double Stage Converter with low current stress for Nanogrid
The detailed theoretical analysis of the voltage conversion ratio, parameter design, continuous and discontinuous conduction mode, and advantages are presented. In addition, a detailed comparative study of each converter topology is also given.
The functionality of the proposed power converters is tested in real-time by developing Laboratory prototypes of the proposed converters and the theoretical analysis is validated by obtaining the experimental results. The proposed converter configurations are simulated in MATLAB as well, to verify the theoretical analysis. Simulation results of all the proposed converters are presented indicating clear evidence of the expected predictions in close proximity with experimental results
Innovation in Energy Systems
It has been a little over a century since the inception of interconnected networks and little has changed in the way that they are operated. Demand-supply balance methods, protection schemes, business models for electric power companies, and future development considerations have remained the same until very recently. Distributed generators, storage devices, and electric vehicles have become widespread and disrupted century-old bulk generation - bulk transmission operation. Distribution networks are no longer passive networks and now contribute to power generation. Old billing and energy trading schemes cannot accommodate this change and need revision. Furthermore, bidirectional power flow is an unprecedented phenomenon in distribution networks and traditional protection schemes require a thorough fix for proper operation. This book aims to cover new technologies, methods, and approaches developed to meet the needs of this changing field
Use, Operation and Maintenance of Renewable Energy Systems:Experiences and Future Approaches
The aim of this book is to put the reader in contact with real experiences, current
and future trends in the context of the use, exploitation and maintenance of renewable
energy systems around the world. Today the constant increase of production
plants of renewable energy is guided by important social, economical, environmental
and technical considerations. The substitution of traditional methods of
energy production is a challenge in the current context. New strategies of exploitation,
new uses of energy and new maintenance procedures are emerging naturally
as isolated actions for solving the integration of these new aspects in the current
systems of energy production. This book puts together different experiences in
order to be a valuable instrument of reference to take into account when a system
of renewable energy production is in operation
Portugal SB13: contribution of sustainable building to meet EU 20-20-20 targets
Proceedings of the International Conference Portugal SB13: contribution of sustainable building to meet EU 20-20-20 targetsThe international conference Portugal SB13 is organized by the University of Minho, the Technical University of Lisbon and the Portuguese Chapter of the International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment in Guimarães, Portugal, from the 30th of October till the 1st of November 2013.
This conference is included in the Sustainable Building Conference Series 2013-2014 (SB13-14) that are being organized all over the world. The event is supported by high prestige partners, such as the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) and the International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment (iiSBE).
Portugal SB13 is focused on the theme â Sustainable Building Contribution to Achieve the European Union 20-20-20 Targetsâ . These targets, known as the â EU 20-20-20â targets, set three key objectives for 2020:
- A 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels;
- Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20%;
- A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency.
Building sector uses about 40% of global energy, 25% of global water, 40% of global resources and emit approximately 1/3 of the global greenhouse gas emissions (the largest contributor). Residential and commercial buildings consume approximately 60% of the worldâ s electricity. Existing buildings represent significant energy saving opportunities because their performance level is frequently far below the current efficiency potentials. Energy consumption in buildings can be reduced by 30 to 80% using proven and commercially available technologies. Investment in building energy efficiency is accompanied by significant direct and indirect savings, which help offset incremental costs, providing a short return on investment period. Therefore, buildings offer the greatest potential for achieving significant greenhouse gas emission reductions, at least cost, in developed and developing countries.
On the other hand, there are many more issues related to the sustainability of the built environment than energy. The building sector is responsible for creating, modifying and improving the living environment of the humanity. Construction and buildings have considerable environmental impacts, consuming a significant proportion of limited resources of the planet including raw material, water, land and, of course, energy. The building sector is estimated to be worth 10% of global GDP (5.5 trillion EUR) and employs 111 million people. In developing countries, new sustainable construction opens enormous opportunities because of the population growth and the increasing prosperity, which stimulate the urbanization and the construction activities representing up to 40% of GDP. Therefore, building sustainably will result in healthier and more productive environments.
The sustainability of the built environment, the construction industry and the related activities are a pressing issue facing all stakeholders in order to promote the Sustainable Development.
The Portugal SB13 conference topics cover a wide range of up-to-date issues and the contributions received from the delegates reflect critical research and the best available practices in the Sustainable Building field. The issues presented include:
- Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
- Policies for Sustainable Construction
- High Performance Sustainable Building Solutions
- Design and Technologies for Energy Efficiency
- Innovative Construction Systems
- Building Sustainability Assessment Tools
- Renovation and Retrofitting
- Eco-Efficient Materials and Technologies
- Urban Regeneration
- Design for Life Cycle and Reuse
- LCA of sustainable materials and technologies
All the articles selected for presentation at the conference and published in these Proceedings, went through a refereed review process and were evaluated by, at least, two reviewers.
The Organizers want to thank all the authors who have contributed with papers for publication in the proceedings and to all reviewers, whose efforts and hard work secured the high quality of all contributions to this conference.
A special gratitude is also addressed to Eng. José AmarÃlio Barbosa and to Eng. Catarina Araújo that coordinated the Secretariat of the Conference.
Finally, Portugal SB13 wants to address a special thank to CIB, UNEP, FIDIC and iiSBE for their support and wish great success for all the other SB13 events that are taking place all over the world