Beyond the selective disclosure of ABCs on RAM-constrained devices

The utilization of private Attribute-based credentials (ABC) in everyday life could enable citizens to only partially reveal their identity in economic transactions and communication with public institutions. This means citizens could control in a practical way the information related to their own life and identity in many contexts. At the time of writing, the Identity Mixer (Idemix) by IBM is the only credential system that offers enough flexibility to proof a considerable variety of properties of the attributes of a credential. Despite many practitioners have proposed different strategies for implementing ABCs on smart cards in the last few years, the complexity of the assumptions these primitives usually rely on, undermines fast and practical implementations of ABCs. The lack of smart cards with powerful hardware arithmetic accelerators is not the only problem for speeding up the computation of these primitives since one need to perform fast arithmetic operations with operands stored in RAM. Moreover, the implementation of complex Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) needs a considerable amount of pseudorandomness. In order to overcome these limitations, we proposed to use a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) for recomputing pseudorandomness and we use it tandem with variable reconstruction in order to implement complex proofs. The utilization of this simple technique enable us to compute pseudonyms, domain pseudonyms, multi-credential proofs and to rely on the AND, NOT and OR operators to prove inner properties of the attributes of the credential whereas prior art only addressed the selective disclosure of one attribute on a given credential. Moreover, we show how to increase the number of attributes stored on the card via this construction. Finally, we show how to chain proofs based on AND, NOT and OR operators in order to extend the amount of properties of a credential that can be showed via external and internal commitment reordering

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Identity and identification in an information society: Augmenting formal systems of identification with technological artefacts

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are transforming society’s information flows. These new interactive environments decouple agents, information and actions from their original contexts and this introduces challenges when evaluating trustworthiness and intelligently placing trust.This thesis develops methods that can extend institutional trust into digitally enhanced interactive settings. By applying privacy-preserving cryptographic protocols within a technical architecture, this thesis demonstrates how existing human systems of identification that support institutional trust can be augmented with ICT in ways that distribute trust, respect privacy and limit the potential for abuse. Importantly, identification systems are located within a sociologically informed framework of interaction where identity is more than a collection of static attributes.A synthesis of the evolution and systematisation of cryptographic knowledge is presented and this is juxtaposed against the ideas developed within the digital identity community. The credential mechanism, first conceptualised by David Chaum, has matured into a number of well specified mathematical protocols. This thesis focuses on CL-RSA and BBS+, which are both signature schemes with efficient protocols that can instantiate a credential mechanism with strong privacy-preserving properties.The processes of managing the identification of healthcare professionals as they navigate their careers within the Scottish Healthcare Ecosystem provide a concrete case study for this work. The proposed architecture mediates the exchange of verifiable, integrity-assured evidence that has been cryptographically signed by relevant healthcare institutions, but is stored, managed and presented by the healthcare professionals to whom the evidence pertains.An evaluation of the integrity-assured transaction data produced by this architecture demonstrates how it could be integrated into digitally augmented identification processes, increasing the assurance that can be placed in these processes. The technical architecture is shown to be practical through a series of experiments run under realistic production-like settings.This work demonstrates that designing decentralised, standards-based, privacy-preserving identification systems for trusted professionals within highly assured social contexts can distribute institutionalised trust to trustworthy individuals and empower these individuals to interface with society’s increasingly socio-technical systems

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Dialogue without barriers. A comprehensive approach to dealing with stuttering

The book Dialogue without barriers: A comprehensive approach to dealing with stuttering is the result of Norwegian-Polish cooperation undertaken in the project LOGOLab – Dialogue without barriers. Three partners have been involved in the production of this book, namely, the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, the UiT Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, and the Agere Aude Foundation for Knowledge and Social Dialogue. The project was implemented under the Education Program financed by the EEA Grants (EEA / 19 / K1 / D1 / W / 0031). The EEA Grants represent the contribution of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway towards a green, competitive, and inclusive Europe. The most important goal of the LOGOLab project was to raise the standards of speech-language therapy in stuttering by incorporating the principles of Evidence-based practice, taking into account the assumptions of inclusive education and community-based model of intervention. An essential strategy for achieving this goal has become the dissemination of reliable and up-to-date knowledge about stuttering, and the development of appropriate social attitudes towards stuttering. The improvement of the quality of academic education for speech-language therapy students and of vocational training for certified speech-language therapists should also be mentioned. An additional aim was to provide reliable information for leaders of the self-help movement, who support people with stuttering non-institutionally

Dialogue without barriers. A comprehensive approach to dealing with stuttering

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Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Politics of women's empowerment in Nigerian HIV/AIDS prevention programmes: 2003-2007.

During the 1990s, empowerment through collective action became widely referred to by feminist anthropologists and health behaviouralists as a potential approach towards reducing HIV and AIDS amongst African women. However, conflicting understandings of empowerment ultimately positions African women as too disempowered to protect themselves from HIV and AIDS, but empowered enough through collective participation to challenge structural and gender inequalities that facilitate HIV transmission. By the next decade, many prevention programmes around the world were said to have been unsuccessful. This thesis explores these issues; first, by examining different understandings of empowerment; second, by investigating a potentially alternative model of participation underpinned by post-modern, feminist post-colonial and social psychological theory; and finally, by analysing women's own narratives of empowerment. To do so, this thesis reviews life histories of forty-five women aged between their twenties and sixties, participating in one of five women's associations. The movements and individuals were selected in order to consider the diversity of experiences across age, ethnicity, sexual identity, social class and religion. This consideration of the realities of women's lives found that gender and social identities shape women's individual and collective responses to HIV and AIDS in ways that extend beyond employing traditional prevention methods which are said to police sexual behaviour. Nevertheless, their diverse experiences also suggest alternative notions and sites of power, thus enabling them to employ strategies and charter avenues of agency that facilitate AIDS prevention in some contexts, but hinder it in others. These alternative notions of power and agency have implications for reconfiguring and expanding HIV and AIDS prevention and, possibly, gender relations. The thesis considers the extent to which alternative empowerment strategies, executed between the contours of donor- driven programmes and everyday reality, contribute to disrupting dominant discourses as well as gender norms and expectations predicated on tensions around representations of respectability, 'African' sexuality, spirituality, health and illness, and AIDS citizenship

Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone

The Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone looks into all aspects of anthropogeic emissions of black carbon and tropospheric ozone precursors, such as methane. It analyses the trends in emissions of these substances and the drivers of these emissions; summarizes the science of atmospheric processes where these substances are involved; discusses related impacts on the climatic sysem, human health, crops in vulnerable regions and ecosystems; and societal responses to the environmntal changes caused by those impacts. The Assessment examines a large number of potential measures to reduce harmful emissions, identifying a small set of specific measures that would likely produce the greatest benefits, and which could be implemented with currently available technology. An outlook up to 2070 is developed illustrating the benefits of those emission mitigation policies and mesures for human well-being and climate. The Assessment concludes that rapid mitigation of anthropogenic black carbon and tropospheric ozone precursor emissions would complement carbon dioxide reduction measures and would have immediate benefits for human well-being. The Assessment is intended to support informed decision making at all levels as a guide for assessment, planning and management for the future