Study and modelling of lithium ion cell with accurate soc measurement algorithm using Kalman filter for electric vehicles

Lithium Ion cells are preferred over lead acid cells for electric vehicles due to their energy density, higher discharge current and size. The cost of lithium ion cells is scaling down compared to ten years earlier, but as their performance characteristics increase, the need for safety and accurate modelling also increases. The absence of a generic cell model is associated to the different makes of cells and different chemistries of Lithium ion cells behave differently under the testing conditions required for every unique application. The focus of this thesis will be on how to provide intelligence to the battery management system for calculating the state of charge of a cell so that the depth of discharge of the pack can be controlled, and to balance the voltage levels of all modules in a battery pack. This will involve cycling of the chosen type of cell, modelling it for its parameters, analyzing the cycling data and choosing the perfect depth of discharge required for the application from the energy or capacity vs open circuit voltage (OCV) graph. The lithium ion model will be evaluated from the transient response of the battery pack. This will then be made as a working prototype on an electric vehicle car and its behavior studied practically

Examining the Disruptive Innovation Theory by Analysing Tesla, Inc.

The shift to electrification with electric vehicles (EV) is regarded as a phenomenon that is expected to permanently revolutionize the whole automotive industry and social habits of customers along with global economies and supply chains. Coinciding with the trend in early 2000s, at a time when the electric vehicle market was not formed yet, a startup called “Tesla Inc.” entered the market with all-electric strategy. As both developer and pioneer of the EVs, the company had gained a serious position in the industry, while being a part of the market's formation and development in remarkably two decades. Similar to the company's progress, ‘Disruptive Innovation Theory’ is well-known concept in academia that focuses on how companies create market disruption through their innovations. Although having some overlapping aspects with the theory, Tesla’s contrasting strategies, such as market entry, necessitates examination in the focus of theory. The main goal of the study was to analyze how Tesla's approach redefines the theory of disruptive innovation by comparing and contrasting the case’s strategy with theory’s framework through three different dimensions: Tesla's disruption in the automotive industry, its high-end market entry against theory’s low-end approach, and incumbent companies respond to such innovative progress. By placing Tesla as a case, the study was designed to unfold progress of both the company and its industry from framework of the theory. Thus, regarding the qualitative research design, the development of the EV phenomenon and the company was unfolded with the process study approach for observing how the status quo in the market was formed overtime. Due to inclusiveness of the focused fields, secondary data was chosen as the source and obtained from several academic and business outputs (i.e., newspapers, company/industry, and governmental outputs) that were specifically focusing on automotive industry and the case company. Outcomes revealed that Tesla's contradictory approach did not essentially redefine the disruptive innovation theory. Although the company’s both financial and industrial growth along with its achieved position contributed to the electrification phenomenon in the industry, it instead served as an alternative business-case through following a pattern that does not comply with the theory, not only in terms of its market entry, but also in many different layers (e.g., innovation, product, marketing, organizational strategies). Additionally, the approach of the incumbents also did not fully conform to the theory: despite the governmental regulations pushing them for lowering carbon emissions, evolutionary progress (instead of revolutionary) of battery technology (in terms of performance and cost), mainstream customers preference and lack of sufficient charging infrastructure in cities were considered as the main reasons for their delay. Despite being a popular case in academia with similar case-theory comparisons, this study was constructed on the company's past to present (and even future) strategies and presented its growth pattern using up-to-date data. Contrary to previous studies, the case was analyzed not only from a market entry perspective, but also from other aspects highlighted by the theory. In addition, considering the managerial implications, the study highlighted Tesla’s case as an alternative approach in terms of positioning and developing innovations in market and the pattern to follow for other companies in the industry

City-Friendly Smart Network Technologies and Infrastructures: The Spanish Experience

Efficient, resilient, and sustainable electricity delivery is a key cornerstone in increasingly large and complex urban environments, where citizens expect to keep or rise their living standards. In this context, cost-effective and ubiquitous digital technologies are driving the transformation of existing electrical infrastructures into truly smart systems capable of better providing the services a low-carbon society is demanding. The goal of this paper is twofold: 1) to review the dramatically evolving landscape of power systems, from the old framework based on centralized generation and control, aimed at serving inelastic customers through alternating current (ac) transmission networks and one-way distribution feeders, to a new paradigm centered mainly around two main axes: renewable generation, both centralized and distributed, and active customers (prosumers), interacting with each other through hybrid ac/dc smart grids; 2) to illustrate, through featured success stories, how several smart grid concepts and technologies have been put into practice in Spain over the last few years to optimize the performance of urban electrical assets

Data driven techniques for on-board performance estimation and prediction in vehicular applications.

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Sustainable Mobility and Transport

This Special Issue is dedicated to sustainable mobility and transport, with a special focus on technological advancements. Global transport systems are significant sources of air, land, and water emissions. A key motivator for this Special Issue was the diversity and complexity of mitigating transport emissions and industry adaptions towards increasingly stricter regulation. Originally, the Special Issue called for papers devoted to all forms of mobility and transports. The papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, aiming to increase understanding of the impacts and effects of mobility and transport in working towards sustainability, where most studies place technological innovations at the heart of the matter. The goal of the Special Issue is to present research that focuses, on the one hand, on the challenges and obstacles on a system-level decision making of clean mobility, and on the other, on indirect effects caused by these changes

The formulation of public policy framework : encouraging effective collaboration within the electric bus research and manufacturing cluster to accelerate the adoption of electric buses in Thailand

The automotive industry is considered one of the largest sources of revenue for Thailand. However, with the recent acceleration of electric vehicle’s technological development around the world, the Thai government was concerned that the domestic automotive sector might be at risk of losing its competitive edge since the whole supply chain in the automotive industry is centred around products based on the research and manufacturing of internal combustion engine vehicles. Therefore, the Electric Vehicles Committee of Thailand was formed by the government to support and promote the transition of the automotive industry towards an electric vehicles economy. However, the complexity and sheer size of the Thai automotive industry; both in terms of the supply chain of physical products and the amount of information being exchanged among public and private stakeholders have made the adoption process of public policies extremely strenuous. This research aims to facilitate and quicken the process by designing a policy framework for the adoption of public policies within a smaller segment of the electric bus industry and use it as a possible model for the development of the Thai electric vehicles industry in the future. This framework consisted of integrated tools and concepts from engineering management perspective, combined with the data which was collected from the researchers, manufacturers, and stakeholders in Thailand. The main objective of the framework is to assist the initial stage of public policies initiation in electric bus research, manufacturing, and requisition, which will ultimately cultivate the development of the electric bus manufacturing industry in Thailand. Moreover, this policy framework could also be applied to other segments of public policy, or even in the formulation of operational strategy in both public and private organisations.The automotive industry is considered one of the largest sources of revenue for Thailand. However, with the recent acceleration of electric vehicle’s technological development around the world, the Thai government was concerned that the domestic automotive sector might be at risk of losing its competitive edge since the whole supply chain in the automotive industry is centred around products based on the research and manufacturing of internal combustion engine vehicles. Therefore, the Electric Vehicles Committee of Thailand was formed by the government to support and promote the transition of the automotive industry towards an electric vehicles economy. However, the complexity and sheer size of the Thai automotive industry; both in terms of the supply chain of physical products and the amount of information being exchanged among public and private stakeholders have made the adoption process of public policies extremely strenuous. This research aims to facilitate and quicken the process by designing a policy framework for the adoption of public policies within a smaller segment of the electric bus industry and use it as a possible model for the development of the Thai electric vehicles industry in the future. This framework consisted of integrated tools and concepts from engineering management perspective, combined with the data which was collected from the researchers, manufacturers, and stakeholders in Thailand. The main objective of the framework is to assist the initial stage of public policies initiation in electric bus research, manufacturing, and requisition, which will ultimately cultivate the development of the electric bus manufacturing industry in Thailand. Moreover, this policy framework could also be applied to other segments of public policy, or even in the formulation of operational strategy in both public and private organisations

Advanced Modeling and Research in Hybrid Microgrid Control and Optimization

This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research

Overview of Infrastructure Charging, part 4, IMPROVERAIL Project Deliverable 9, “Improved Data Background to Support Current and Future Infrastructure Charging Systems”

Improverail aims are to further support the establishment of railway infrastructure management in accordance with Directive 91/440, as well as the new railway infrastructure directives, by developing the necessary tools for modelling the management of railway infrastructure; by evaluating improved methods for capacity and resources management, which allow the improvement of the Life Cycle Costs (LCC) calculating methods, including elements related to vehicle - infrastructure interaction and external costs; and by improving data background in support of charging for use of railway infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, Improverail is organised along 8 workpackages, with specific objectives, responding to the requirements of the task 2.2.1/10 of the 2nd call made in the 5th RTD Framework Programme in December 1999.This part is the task 7.1 (Review of infrastructure charging systems) to the workpackage 7 (Analysis of the relation between infrastructure cost variation and diversity of infrastructure charging systems).Before explaining the economic characteristics of railway and his basic pricing principles, authors must specify the objectives of railways infrastructure charging.principle of pricing ; rail infrastructure charging ; public service obligation ; rail charging practice ; Europe ; Improverail

New advances in vehicular technology and automotive engineering

An automobile was seen as a simple accessory of luxury in the early years of the past century. Therefore, it was an expensive asset which none of the common citizen could afford. It was necessary to pass a long period and waiting for Henry Ford to establish the first plants with the series fabrication. This new industrial paradigm makes easy to the common American to acquire an automobile, either for running away or for working purposes. Since that date, the automotive research grown exponentially to the levels observed in the actuality. Now, the automobiles are indispensable goods; saying with other words, the automobile is a first necessity article in a wide number of aspects of living: for workers to allow them to move from their homes into their workplaces, for transportation of students, for allowing the domestic women in their home tasks, for ambulances to carry people with decease to the hospitals, for transportation of materials, and so on, the list don’t ends. The new goal pursued by the automotive industry is to provide electric vehicles at low cost and with high reliability. This commitment is justified by the oil’s peak extraction on 50s of this century and also by the necessity to reduce the emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere, as well as to reduce the needs of this even more valuable natural resource. In order to achieve this task and to improve the regular cars based on oil, the automotive industry is even more concerned on doing applied research on technology and on fundamental research of new materials. The most important idea to retain from the previous introduction is to clarify the minds of the potential readers for the direct and indirect penetration of the vehicles and the vehicular industry in the today’s life. In this sequence of ideas, this book tries not only to fill a gap by presenting fresh subjects related to the vehicular technology and to the automotive engineering but to provide guidelines for future research. This book account with valuable contributions from worldwide experts of automotive’s field. The amount and type of contributions were judiciously selected to cover a broad range of research. The reader can found the most recent and cutting-edge sources of information divided in four major groups: electronics (power, communications, optics, batteries, alternators and sensors), mechanics (suspension control, torque converters, deformation analysis, structural monitoring), materials (nanotechnology, nanocomposites, lubrificants, biodegradable, composites, structural monitoring) and manufacturing (supply chains). We are sure that you will enjoy this book and will profit with the technical and scientific contents. To finish, we are thankful to all of those who contributed to this book and who made it possible.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio