Ion Beam Collimation for Future Hadron Colliders

The application of integrated simulation frameworks, which include particle tracking and physical interactions, to heavy-ion beam collimation in existing and future hadron colliders is presented. The SixTrack-FLUKA coupling and Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) were used and the tools and techniques developed for the simulations are presented. A simulation study of the collimation cleaning inefficiency for heavy-ion beams was performed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), using both frameworks, and compared to measurements taken during operation. A detailed energy deposition study of ion beam collimation in a 3D model of the entire LHC ring was performed using BDSIM. The SixTrack-FLUKA coupling was used to study heavy-ion beam collimation in the Future Circular hadron- hadron Collider (FCC-hh). An analysis of the most limiting losses and an evaluation of the collimation system performance were carried out. The performance of the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC) collimation system with heavy-ion beams was also investigated. The dominant beam loss clusters were identified and possible mitigation strategies are discussed. Support for partially stripped ions (PSI), which retain some of their bound electrons, was added to BDSIM and a physics model that treats charge-changing interactions of PSI with matter was implemented. Using the newly added features in BDSIM, the collimation of PSI beams in the LHC was studied in the context of the Gamma Factory initiative

Identification of Marine Biotechnology Value Chains with High Potential in the Northern Mediterranean Region

© 2023. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Marine Drugs. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3390/md21070416Marine (blue) biotechnology is an emerging field enabling the valorization of new products and processes with massive potential for innovation and economic growth. In the Mediterranean region, this innovation potential is not exploited as well as in other European regions due to a lack of a clear identification of the different value chains and the high fragmentation of business innovation initiatives. As a result, several opportunities to create an innovative society are being missed. To address this problem, eight Northern Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21070416 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 416 2 of 26 Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) established five national blue biotechnology hubs to identify and address the bottlenecks that prevent the development of marine biotechnology in the region. Following a three-step approach (1. Analysis: setting the scene; 2. Transfer: identification of promising value chains; 3. Capitalization: community creation), we identified the three value chains that are most promising for the Northern Mediterranean region: algae production for added-value compounds, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and valorization aquaculture/fisheries/processing by-products, unavoidable/unwanted catches and discards. The potential for the development and the technical and non-technical skills that are necessary to advance in this exciting field were identified through several stakeholder events which provided valuable insight and feedback that should be addressed for marine biotechnology in the Northern Mediterranean region to reach its full potential

Current Issues of Water Management

There is an estimated 1.4 billion km3 of water in the world but only approximately three percent (39 million km3) of it is available as fresh water. Moreover, most of this fresh water is found as ice in the arctic regions, deep groundwater or atmospheric water. Since water is the source of life and essential for all life on the planet, the use of this resource is a highly important issue. "Water management" is the general term used to describe all the activities that manage the optimum use of the world's water resources. However, only a few percent of the fresh water available can be subjected to water management. It is still an enormous amount, but what's unique about water is that unlike other resources, it is irreplaceable. This book provides a general overview of various topics within water management from all over the world. The topics range from politics, current models for water resource management of rivers and reservoirs to issues related to agriculture. Water quality problems, the development of water demand and water pricing are also addressed. The collection of contributions from outstanding scientists and experts provides detailed information about different topics and gives a general overview of the current issues in water management. The book covers a wide range of current issues, reflecting on current problems and demonstrating the complexity of water management