82,371 research outputs found

    Unraveling the Myths of Accountability: A Case Study of the California High School Exit Exam

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    Believing that accountability could be a vehicle for change, the California Department of Education (CDE) requires all high school students to pass the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE) in order to graduate. In doing so, California joins many others states in mandating a high school exit exam as a current or future requirement for graduation. In this essay, the authors will argue that this testing approach to school change is based on myths about the role of assessment, the information testing can provide and the impact high stakes testing has on urban schools. Although California is the focus of this analysis, these issues are salient across the county. Testing as a solution to poor student achievement is based on faulty assumptions. It is these assumptions this piece seeks to address

    Food safety myths consequences for health: A study of reported gastroenteritis incidence and prevalence in UK, Norway and Germany

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    Food safety beliefs are not always science based. In this study, we aim to contribute to the state of the art of food safety knowledge by investigating unscientific beliefs consequences for gastroenteritis. After collecting food safety myths across Europe, we conducted a web-based survey on a representative sample of consumers from UK, Germany and Norway (N = 3110) to investigate what food safety myths people believe to be true, and if these beliefs influence gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. The results show that a large share of the population believe in food safety myths, in the worst cases more than 70% report to believe myths to be facts and believing in many of these myths correlates positively with gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. The largest correlations are observed for unscientific beliefs about eggs (such as storing eggs at room temperature and eating raw eggs to cure hangover), bacteria inactivation (that a wooden cutting board, and chili, wasabi and marinades kills bacteria), that vegetarians don't get food poisoning, and that eating dirt and having a diarrhea is good since it cleans up the stomach. In the discussion, we explain the negative consequences by linking the food safety myths to science-based food safety knowledge. This is the first study linking unscientific beliefs to gastroenteritis. Future studies need to investigate the mechanisms explaining why beliefs in food safety myths correlate with gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. Studies investigating behavior change methods, including but not limited to correcting false beliefs are also needed.acceptedVersio

    Distinguishing Between Science And Scientism

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    Issues of conflict between science and faith/religion have existed for a long time. Some of the topics that have become the source of the conflicts are: The Evolution Theory and The Big Bang Theory which are assumed to be in contra with the creation story, which is generally believed by people of faith. The other controversial issue concerns the existence of God as a supernatural being. Even though in Indonesia these issues are viewed to be taboo, the hot debate between the atheist scientists and religious people in academic spheres occurs openly in some countries. However, do we have to choose between believing in science or believing in God? Which is the reliable source of truth? This writing discusses the epistemology of science and its strength as well as its limitation as a body of knowledge. The author is trying to describe scientism as an invalid worldview that leads to misunderstandings and conflict's myths between faith and science

    Influence of beliefs about romantic love on the justification of abusive behaviors among early adolescents

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    Introduction Romantic experiences during adolescence have an important influence on functioning later in life. Romantic love has been associated with the acceptance of abusive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of different types of abusive behaviors, as well as the influence of gender. Methods The sample comprised 448 Spanish adolescents (M = 12.92 years old; SD = 0.85), of which 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. Participants were evaluated in the school setting. The Perception of Abuse Scale and the Myths, Fallacies, and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale were administered. Results Statistically significant negative associations between the myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of abusive behaviors were found. Myths regarding possession, dedication, and exclusivity were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent males. Myths regarding the omnipotence of love were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent females. Believing in jealousy as a demonstration of love (myth of jealousy) and in the need to establish a steady union when you love someone (marriage myth) explained a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in regression models. However, being female and having these beliefs explained a higher perceived severity of abusive behaviors. Conclusions The myths of romantic love are already present during early adolescence. These beliefs are implicated in the construction of gender inequality and difficulties in the identification of dating abuse behavior severity. A gendered perspective is necessary to understand this issue. Early intervention strategies should address the cognitive and emotional components of intimate relationships.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

    The Effects of Meritocracy Beliefs on Women’s Well-Being after First-Time Gender Discrimination

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    This study examined how meritocracy beliefs may buffer women from the negative psychological effects of an acute situation of gender discrimination. Although some research indirectly suggests that believing the meritocracy exists may increase well-being, group consciousness theories (e.g., Bartky, 1977) suggest that disbelieving the meritocracy exists will enhance psychological adjustment to gender discrimination. Women who reported little past experience with discrimination, and either believed or disbelieved the meritocracy exists were exposed to either a laboratory situation of discrimination or a non-discrimination failure (control) condition. Consistent with group consciousness theories, women experiencing discrimination reported greater well-being if they disbelieved the meritocracy exists, than if they were believers. In contrast, women in the control condition reported greater well-being if they believed the meritocracy exists than if they were disbelievers. Implications for coping with discrimination were discussed

    Teologi Tahajjud Pemikiran Prof. Dr. Moh. Sholeh Melawan Metos Sangkal di Kalangan Masyarakat Kabupaten Sumenep Madura

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    The community formed by the trappings of culture. The birth of a sense of cultural initiative, creativity, and initiative of human social life. Each community in various regions has its own culture. All of theIT formed over social accumulation, Bohemian flavor, and the results kesepakata together. Depth on creating, meruwat, and caring culture in Indonesian society is very strong. On the island of Madura, a sense of belonging to that culture is still strong. Including culture believing in things that are myths. This study will reveal the myths deny reality in the Madurese community. With qualitatively method, researchers will collect data from a number of sources. Data collection will be done with the snowball sampling technique. All information obtained from informants become authoritative data in terms of writing this review. of the research, found that refute the myth has no empirical basis. Deny only be born of anxiety Madurese community. Solutions address the threat to deny the myth is Denen taqarruban ilallah through prayer tahajud media. Salah tahajud alternative enjadi soothe the soul and maintain the stability of functioning organs become more finally

    Police officers’ perceptions of false allegations of rape

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    Believing Mary Karr

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    Believing Mary Karr examines how belief, represented in the memoirs of Mary Karr, works in our contemporary moment. This examination is supported by the argument that our identities and the stories we tell about them are always constructions of belief, and that these beliefs are ultimately relational, enacted in the intersubjective relationship between writers and readers of autobiography. This dissertation provides the fields of both rhetoric and life writing studies not only an awareness of how ideas about belief—how beliefs about belief—have already shaped our scholarly imagination but also the possibilities a rhetoric of belief can offer to future conversations about what it means to read and write autobiography in America today. Engaging theorists such as Graham Ward, Paul Ricoeur, Jessica Benjamin, Michel Foucault, and Judith Butler, this dissertation examines various beliefs, both sacred and secular, represented in Karr’s The Liars’ Club, Cherry, Lit, and The Art of Memoir. Believing Mary Karr suggests that stories of belief, epitomized by Mary Karr’s memoirs, offer readers an embodied experience that operates through the expectant affects of desire and hope and that also forms, re-forms, and transforms their own structures of believing. Thus, such narratives reveal their power on at least two levels. Individually, they invite us to reconsider the role of belief in our own lives. Collectively, they hold the potential to reinscribe pervading cultural myths by acknowledging how beliefs help create shared worlds

    Taking the Archetypes to School

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    Dissociative Identity Disorder: An In-Depth Look

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    Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental health disorder where there are two or more distinct people within one individual. These distinct people or personalities are also called alters. An alter is a fully distinct person, that carries on a whole different personality than the original person. That means that if a person has two distinct people within them one could be very smart and introverted, but the other one may not have as high of IQ and might be extraverted. The personalities of each alter are different and very distinct from one another. The alternative personality or personalities would also have a different name than the original person. This paper will explore how DID forms within an individual, how it is diagnosed, treatment options to help those who have DID, and some myths that people in the general public may have about this disorder
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