Safety of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Facing Multiple Breakdowns

This work deals with data analysis issues in an aeronautics context by using a formal framework relying on activity recognition techniques which are applied to the certification and safety analysis processes of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in breakdown situations. In this paper, the behaviour of these systems is modelled, simulated and studied in case of multiple failures using a complex event processing language called chronicles to describe which combinations of events in time may lead to safety breaches, and a C++ chronicle recognition library is used to implement this method

Handling Breakdowns in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

International audienceThis work is devoted to activity recognition in the setting of data analysis in aeronautics. Formal methods are applied to the cer-tification and safety analysis processes of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in breakdown situations. The behaviour of these systems in case of a failure is entirely modeled and implemented. A temporal language — the Chronicle language — describes arrangements of events which are employed to detail undesired circumstances that would lead to breaches in safety. A C++ chronicle recognition tool is used to recognise all the possible occurrences of these situations as soon as they occur

AI Solutions for MDS: Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Misuse Detection and Localisation in Telecommunication Environments

This report considers the application of Articial Intelligence (AI) techniques to the problem of misuse detection and misuse localisation within telecommunications environments. A broad survey of techniques is provided, that covers inter alia rule based systems, model-based systems, case based reasoning, pattern matching, clustering and feature extraction, articial neural networks, genetic algorithms, arti cial immune systems, agent based systems, data mining and a variety of hybrid approaches. The report then considers the central issue of event correlation, that is at the heart of many misuse detection and localisation systems. The notion of being able to infer misuse by the correlation of individual temporally distributed events within a multiple data stream environment is explored, and a range of techniques, covering model based approaches, `programmed' AI and machine learning paradigms. It is found that, in general, correlation is best achieved via rule based approaches, but that these suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as the difculty of developing and maintaining an appropriate knowledge base, and the lack of ability to generalise from known misuses to new unseen misuses. Two distinct approaches are evident. One attempts to encode knowledge of known misuses, typically within rules, and use this to screen events. This approach cannot generally detect misuses for which it has not been programmed, i.e. it is prone to issuing false negatives. The other attempts to `learn' the features of event patterns that constitute normal behaviour, and, by observing patterns that do not match expected behaviour, detect when a misuse has occurred. This approach is prone to issuing false positives, i.e. inferring misuse from innocent patterns of behaviour that the system was not trained to recognise. Contemporary approaches are seen to favour hybridisation, often combining detection or localisation mechanisms for both abnormal and normal behaviour, the former to capture known cases of misuse, the latter to capture unknown cases. In some systems, these mechanisms even work together to update each other to increase detection rates and lower false positive rates. It is concluded that hybridisation offers the most promising future direction, but that a rule or state based component is likely to remain, being the most natural approach to the correlation of complex events. The challenge, then, is to mitigate the weaknesses of canonical programmed systems such that learning, generalisation and adaptation are more readily facilitated

Persuasive discourse and language planning in Ireland

Colonial language discourse typically consists of evaluations concerning the respective merits of two or more languages, and the cultures they represent. This can serve as a warrant for imposing a ‘superior’ language. Although such discourse tends to be associated with the conquest of the New World and subsequent European expansion, there is evidence that in the case of Ireland – England’s first overseas colony – an adversarial relation between English and Irish languages existed even before the Elizabethan period. Referring to English legislation, chronicles and other documents, this paper examines the norms, arguments and rhetorical strategies that were used to exert the dominance of English language in Ireland during late-medieval and early-modern times. In the latter half of the paper, the focus will shift to attempts to create, especially from the seventeenth-century onwards, a ‘pro-Irish reversal’ that used similar arguments and rhetoric to reclaim this denigrated language. Our suggestion is that these pro- and anti-colonial language discourses anticipate those that were used later on in colonial and postcolonial environments

Trickery, Mockery and the Scottish Way of War

This article seeks to examine two prominent themes, those of trickery and mockery, in how warfare against England was represented in Scottish historical narratives of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Careful analysis of these specific themes allows a variety of insights to be presented. It will show some of the rich uses to which such texts can be put by exploring them in a historically informed context. One aspect of this is the endeavour to illuminate ways in which these sources, although treacherous in relation to specifics, can provide accurate, and previously unnoticed, more general insights into the cultures of war embraced by the Scots. Analysis of the texts also demonstrates the complex and changing ways in which perceptions about the practice of war have shaped Scottish senses of identity. It becomes clear that ideas about their mode of war were vital in how the Scots saw themselves. And such ideas were also fundamental in shaping the much more hostile view of them developed by their regular enemies, the English. The main sources given consideration are the Gesta Annalia II, once attributed to John of Fordun (composed c1363) (Chron Fordun)1

Online Diagnosis based on Chronicle Recognition of a Coil Winding Machine

This paper falls under the problems of the diagnosis of Discrete Event System (DES) such as coil winding machine. Among the various techniques used for the on-line diagnosis, we are interested in the chronicle recognition and fault tree. The Chronicle can be defined as temporal patterns that represent system possible evolutions of an observed system. Starting from the model of the system to be diagnosed, the proposed method based on the P-time Petri net allows to generate the chronicles necessary to the diagnosis. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the monitoring approach, an application to a coil winding unit is outlined

Online Diagnosis based on Chronicle Recognition of a Coil Winding Machine

This paper falls under the problems of the diagnosis of Discrete Event System (DES) such as coil winding machine. Among the various techniques used for the on-line diagnosis, we are interested in the chronicle recognition and fault tree. The Chronicle can be defined as temporal patterns that represent system possible evolutions of an observed system. Starting from the model of the system to be diagnosed, the proposed method based on the P-time Petri net allows to generate the chronicles necessary to the diagnosis. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the monitoring approach, an application to a coil winding unit is outlined

"O lawful let it be / That I have room ... to curse a while" : voicing the nation's conscience in female complaint in Richard III, King John and Henry VIII

To understand what drives this female‐led quest for justice we must situate this as a response to the traumas of the recent past which still convulse the respective play‐worlds, whether the legacy of internecine strife from the War of the Roses that imprints itself upon the fractured court of Richard III, the unresolved struggle over the succession in King John, or the upheavals of the English Reformation in Henry VIII. Each of these plays evokes a profoundly dysfunctional society where the normal patrilineal structures of authority and legitimate succession have broken down, where oaths are routinely violated, theology is manipulated for political gain, and the law perverted to serve the will of individuals, instead of the bono publico. What is undeniably catastrophic for the body politic, though, proves oddly enabling for the plays' female protagonists