208,708 research outputs found
Universality caused: the case of renormalization group explanation
Recently, many have argued that there are certain kinds of abstract mathematical explanations that are noncausal. In particular, the irrelevancy approach suggests that abstracting away irrelevant causal details can leave us with a noncausal explanation. In this paper, I argue that the common example of Renormalization Group explanations of universality used to motivate the irrelevancy approach deserves more critical attention. I argue that the reasons given by those who hold up RG as noncausal do not stand up to critical scrutiny. As a result, the irrelevancy approach and the line between casual and noncausal explanation deserves more scrutiny
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Identity Trust Framework for iGaming
The online gambling community, or the iGaming industry in the United States has individual solutions and a mix of classic processes to manage universal customer identity but it lacks a standard identity management framework in which to enroll new iGaming users, monitor those users and ensure secure transactions, which leaves it open to identity theft and financial fraud. The iGaming industry offers online poker, sports betting and casino table games. iGaming providers (provider/providers) include companies such as PartyPoker.com, Pokerstars.com, Bovada.com, BetOnline.com among others. An iGaming player (player/players) is anyone who plays to gamble on games through the Internet. This report focuses on the requirements and specification for an Identity Trust Framework to enhance security and privacy in the United States iGaming industry and players.Informatio
Left threatened by Right: political intergroup bias in the contemporary Italian context.
Using different evaluation targets (i.e., politicians’ pictures, ideological words, items referring to features attributed to political ingroup/outgroup) we characterized the intergroup bias among political groups in the Italian context (Study 1-2-3) and tested a model that may account for the bias itself (Study 3). For all evaluation targets, left-wing participants -compared to right wing participants - showed a greater intergroup bias, expressing more negative emotions towards the outgroup. The process was influenced by a greater perceived threat of the outgroup. Conversely, right-wing participants expressed the bias only when presented with ideological words. Our results provide a detailed description of how intergroup bias in Italy is differently expressed by the two ideological groups depending on the targets used to represent the political counterpart. Moreover, the results show that the stronger bias expressed by left-wing participants is driven by perceived threat of the outgroup
College Students’ Responses to Antismoking Messages: Denial, Defiance, and Other Boomerang Effects
Despite the success of antismoking campaigns that aim to prevent young teens from smoking, this qualitative study provides strong evidence that different initiatives are needed for college students, particularly those who already smoke. When asked for responses to current antismoking messages, nonsmokers generally championed the cause; however, smokers often responded with anger, defiance, denial, and other negative responses. Consumers who respond in this manner are not well served by existing strategies, and money used for such campaigns could be better spent. New strategies are offered in hopes that antismoking campaigns can communicate more effectively with one high-risk group—college student smokers
On Evolution of God-Seeking Mind: An Inquiry Into Why Natural Selection Would Favor Imagination and Distortion of Sensory Experience
The earliest known products of human imagination appear to express a primordial concern and struggle with thoughts of dying and of death and mortality. I argue that the structures and processes of imagination evolved in that struggle, in response to debilitating anxieties and fearful states that would accompany an incipient awareness of mortality. Imagination evolved to find that which would make the nascent apprehension of death more bearable, to engage in a search for alternative perceptions of death: a search that was beyond the capability of the external senses. I argue that imagination evolved as flight and fight adaptations in response to debilitating fears that paralleled an emerging foreknowledge of death. Imagination, and symbolic language to express its perceptions, would eventually lead to religious behavior and the development of cultural supports. Although highly speculative, my argument draws on recent brain studies, and on anthropology, psychology, and linguistics
Managing the Socially Marginalized: Attitudes Towards Welfare, Punishment and Race
Welfare and incarceration policies have converged to form a system of governance over socially marginalized groups, particularly racial minorities. In both of these policy areas, rehabilitative and social support objectives have been replaced with a more punitive and restrictive system. The authors examine the convergence in individual-level attitudes concerning welfare and criminal punishment, using national survey data. The authors\u27 analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship between punitive attitudes toward welfare and punishment. Furthermore, accounting for the respondents\u27 racial attitudes explains the bivariate relationship between welfare and punishment. Thus, racial attitudes seemingly link support for punitive approaches to opposition to welfare expenditures. The authors discuss the implications of this study for welfare and crime control policies by way of the conclusion
TRIDEnT: Building Decentralized Incentives for Collaborative Security
Sophisticated mass attacks, especially when exploiting zero-day
vulnerabilities, have the potential to cause destructive damage to
organizations and critical infrastructure. To timely detect and contain such
attacks, collaboration among the defenders is critical. By correlating
real-time detection information (alerts) from multiple sources (collaborative
intrusion detection), defenders can detect attacks and take the appropriate
defensive measures in time. However, although the technical tools to facilitate
collaboration exist, real-world adoption of such collaborative security
mechanisms is still underwhelming. This is largely due to a lack of trust and
participation incentives for companies and organizations. This paper proposes
TRIDEnT, a novel collaborative platform that aims to enable and incentivize
parties to exchange network alert data, thus increasing their overall detection
capabilities. TRIDEnT allows parties that may be in a competitive relationship,
to selectively advertise, sell and acquire security alerts in the form of
(near) real-time peer-to-peer streams. To validate the basic principles behind
TRIDEnT, we present an intuitive game-theoretic model of alert sharing, that is
of independent interest, and show that collaboration is bound to take place
infinitely often. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach,
we instantiate our design in a decentralized manner using Ethereum smart
contracts and provide a fully functional prototype.Comment: 28 page
Инструменты и коммуникационные стратегии внешней политики в теории международных отношений
The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of non-military instruments (economic sanctions, soft power and communication strategies) of foreign policy within the international relations theory, because these tools are becoming increasingly central to shaping
strategic outcomes in the XXI centuryМета цієї статті - проаналізувати природу невійськових
інструменти (економічні санкції, м'яка влада та комунікації
стратегії) зовнішньої політики в рамках теорії міжнародних відносин, тому що ці інструменти стають все більш центральними у формуванні стратегічні результати у XXI стЦелью данной статьи является анализ характера невоенных
инструменты (экономические санкции, мягкая сила и связь
стратегии) внешней политики в рамках теории международных отношений, потому что эти инструменты становятся все более важными для формирования стратегические итоги в XXI век
Portunes: analyzing multi-domain insider threats
The insider threat is an important problem in securing information systems. Skilful insiders use attack vectors that yield the greatest chance of success, and thus do not limit themselves to a restricted set of attacks. They may use access rights to the facility where the system of interest resides, as well as existing relationships with employees. To secure a system, security professionals should therefore consider attacks that include non-digital aspects such as key sharing or exploiting trust relationships among employees. In this paper, we present Portunes, a framework for security design and audit, which incorporates three security domains: (1) the security of the computer system itself (the digital domain), (2) the security of the location where the system is deployed (the physical domain) and (3) the security awareness of the employees that use the system (the social domain). The framework consists of a model, a formal language and a logic. It allows security professionals to formally model elements from the three domains in a single framework, and to analyze possible attack scenarios. The logic enables formal specification of the attack scenarios in terms of state and transition properties
How Emotions Unfold in Online Discussions After a Terror Attack
In the wake of a terror attack, social media is used for sharing thoughts and emotions, accessing and distributing information, and memorializing victims. Emotions are a big part of this, but there is a gap in our understanding on how those emotions evolve and what kinds of social media uses they are related to. Better understanding of the emotional and topical developments of online discussions can serve not only to fill the aforementioned gap, but also assist in developing better collective coping strategies for recovering from terror attacks. We examine what types of conversations unfolded online after the Boston Marathon Bombing and what kinds of emotions were associated with them, accounting for regional differences, and present a process model covering the general trends of such conversations. Although the phases apply to reactions to terror attacks on a general level, there are proximity-based differences to the location of the terror attack
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