7,804 research outputs found
Bayesian Optimal Active Search and Surveying
We consider two active binary-classification problems with atypical
objectives. In the first, active search, our goal is to actively uncover as
many members of a given class as possible. In the second, active surveying, our
goal is to actively query points to ultimately predict the proportion of a
given class. Numerous real-world problems can be framed in these terms, and in
either case typical model-based concerns such as generalization error are only
of secondary importance.
We approach these problems via Bayesian decision theory; after choosing
natural utility functions, we derive the optimal policies. We provide three
contributions. In addition to introducing the active surveying problem, we
extend previous work on active search in two ways. First, we prove a novel
theoretical result, that less-myopic approximations to the optimal policy can
outperform more-myopic approximations by any arbitrary degree. We then derive
bounds that for certain models allow us to reduce (in practice dramatically)
the exponential search space required by a naive implementation of the optimal
policy, enabling further lookahead while still ensuring that optimal decisions
are always made.Comment: Appears in Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on
Machine Learning (ICML 2012
Adaptive Path Planning for Depth Constrained Bathymetric Mapping with an Autonomous Surface Vessel
This paper describes the design, implementation and testing of a suite of
algorithms to enable depth constrained autonomous bathymetric (underwater
topography) mapping by an Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV). Given a target depth
and a bounding polygon, the ASV will find and follow the intersection of the
bounding polygon and the depth contour as modeled online with a Gaussian
Process (GP). This intersection, once mapped, will then be used as a boundary
within which a path will be planned for coverage to build a map of the
Bathymetry. Methods for sequential updates to GP's are described allowing
online fitting, prediction and hyper-parameter optimisation on a small embedded
PC. New algorithms are introduced for the partitioning of convex polygons to
allow efficient path planning for coverage. These algorithms are tested both in
simulation and in the field with a small twin hull differential thrust vessel
built for the task.Comment: 21 pages, 9 Figures, 1 Table. Submitted to The Journal of Field
Robotic
Active Classification: Theory and Application to Underwater Inspection
We discuss the problem in which an autonomous vehicle must classify an object
based on multiple views. We focus on the active classification setting, where
the vehicle controls which views to select to best perform the classification.
The problem is formulated as an extension to Bayesian active learning, and we
show connections to recent theoretical guarantees in this area. We formally
analyze the benefit of acting adaptively as new information becomes available.
The analysis leads to a probabilistic algorithm for determining the best views
to observe based on information theoretic costs. We validate our approach in
two ways, both related to underwater inspection: 3D polyhedra recognition in
synthetic depth maps and ship hull inspection with imaging sonar. These tasks
encompass both the planning and recognition aspects of the active
classification problem. The results demonstrate that actively planning for
informative views can reduce the number of necessary views by up to 80% when
compared to passive methods.Comment: 16 page
A Probabilistic Interpretation of Sampling Theory of Graph Signals
We give a probabilistic interpretation of sampling theory of graph signals.
To do this, we first define a generative model for the data using a pairwise
Gaussian random field (GRF) which depends on the graph. We show that, under
certain conditions, reconstructing a graph signal from a subset of its samples
by least squares is equivalent to performing MAP inference on an approximation
of this GRF which has a low rank covariance matrix. We then show that a
sampling set of given size with the largest associated cut-off frequency, which
is optimal from a sampling theoretic point of view, minimizes the worst case
predictive covariance of the MAP estimate on the GRF. This interpretation also
gives an intuitive explanation for the superior performance of the sampling
theoretic approach to active semi-supervised classification.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, To appear in International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) 201
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