Wireless Power Transfer in Wearable Smart Contact Lenses [Open access]

In 2016, a smart contact lens was developed by Google company which aimed to directly implanting micro-smart lenses into the human eye to test blood sugar percentage by tears. However, small sizes implantable devices such as contact lens requires power transfer unit for continuously power supply. Thus, this project aims to design a power transfer unit with Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) technology for smart contact lens which works under 2.45GHz to power an LED at load. The coil size is designed as 10mm inner diameter, 12mm outer diameter and 0.2mm wire width. Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the contact lens substrate. During the simulation, different eye models were built since the coil needs to be warped on top of lens and the eyeball, and under different conditions the S11 parameter is adjusted to around -10dB. The antenna is fabricated by technician in school, due to the technology restriction, the antenna was fabricated with unequal line width, which causes a resonate frequency shift to 900MHz with -8dB S11 value. To power an LED at load side, full-wave and half-wave rectifiers are built separately with different component values and send to fabrication. The antenna performance was tested under three conditions, in air, on human hand, and on water surface to imitate the liquid condition in human eye, but since the dielectric constant varies in each case, and for fabrication there is an extra circuit unit which effecting the copper coil numbers, the tested resonant frequency is not as desired values

Wireless Power Transfer in Wearable Smart Contact Lenses [Open access]

In 2016, a smart contact lens was developed by Google company which aimed to directly implanting micro-smart lenses into the human eye to test blood sugar percentage by tears. However, small sizes implantable devices such as contact lens requires power transfer unit for continuously power supply. Thus, this project aims to design a power transfer unit with Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) technology for smart contact lens which works under 2.45GHz to power an LED at load. The coil size is designed as 10mm inner diameter, 12mm outer diameter and 0.2mm wire width. Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the contact lens substrate. During the simulation, different eye models were built since the coil needs to be warped on top of lens and the eyeball, and under different conditions the S11 parameter is adjusted to around -10dB. The antenna is fabricated by technician in school, due to the technology restriction, the antenna was fabricated with unequal line width, which causes a resonate frequency shift to 900MHz with -8dB S11 value. To power an LED at load side, full-wave and half-wave rectifiers are built separately with different component values and send to fabrication. The antenna performance was tested under three conditions, in air, on human hand, and on water surface to imitate the liquid condition in human eye, but since the dielectric constant varies in each case, and for fabrication there is an extra circuit unit which effecting the copper coil numbers, the tested resonant frequency is not as desired values

Low-power dual-band on-body antenna for wireless body sensor networks

In Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), the implanted biosensor collects various physiological data and wirelessly transmits the information to external medical devices in real time. The antenna design for this application faces great challenges as the microwavepropagation medium is not the free space as the human tissues constitute part of the transmission channel. The effects of the human body should be taken into consideration during the antennadesign.The present thesis aims to arrive at the optimum design of the on-body antenna to operate as a central antenna for WBAN. Five types of helical antennas are proposed in the present thesishaving a dual-frequency operation at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The proposed antennas are optimized to maximize the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and, hence, to minimize the BER and the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the human tissues. In this thesis, a semi-analytic rigorous technique for the assessment of microwave propagation on the medium equivalent to the human body is developed and the radiated fields from the proposed on-body antennas in the near zone are evaluated.The commercially available CST® simulator is used and experimental measurements are done for the five fabricated prototypes. The near-field distribution over the surface of humanbody is evaluated at 2.45 GHz using a Matlab® program, while the far-field radiation patterns obtained by experimental measurements showing good agreement with those obtained by the CST® simulator. It is shown that the radiation patterns produced by the more compact antennas; the conical-helix monopole and the monopole-spiral antennas show better performance and moreappropriate for the intended application.It is clear from the obtained results that the conical-helix/monopole and the monopole-spiral antennas have the highest performance. These antennas are shown to achieve the minimum BERof 5.3 × 10-5 and 6× 10-8 for both antennas respectively. In addition, the minimum average of the SAR that does not exceed 0.3 W/Kg in the human tissues while consuming the minimum valueof the input power when compared with the other antenna types

From Radio Channel Modeling to a System Level Perspective in Body-Centric Communications

Body-centric communications are emerging as a new paradigm in the panorama of personal communications. Being concerned with human behaviour, they are suitable for a wide variety of applications. The advances in the miniaturization of portable devices to be placed on or around the body, foster the diffusion of these systems, where the human body is the key element defining communication characteristics. This thesis investigates the human impact on body-centric communications under its distinctive aspects. First of all, the unique propagation environment defined by the body is described through a scenario-based channel modeling approach, according to the communication scenario considered, i.e., on- or on- to off-body. The novelty introduced pertains to the description of radio channel features accounting for multiple sources of variability at the same time. Secondly, the importance of a proper channel characterisation is shown integrating the on-body channel model in a system level simulator, allowing a more realistic comparison of different Physical and Medium Access Control layer solutions. Finally, the structure of a comprehensive simulation framework for system performance evaluation is proposed. It aims at merging in one tool, mobility and social features typical of the human being, together with the propagation aspects, in a scenario where multiple users interact sharing space and resources

The Largest Unethical Medical Experiment in Human History

This monograph describes the largest unethical medical experiment in human history: the implementation and operation of non-ionizing non-visible EMF radiation (hereafter called wireless radiation) infrastructure for communications, surveillance, weaponry, and other applications. It is unethical because it violates the key ethical medical experiment requirement for “informed consent” by the overwhelming majority of the participants. The monograph provides background on unethical medical research/experimentation, and frames the implementation of wireless radiation within that context. The monograph then identifies a wide spectrum of adverse effects of wireless radiation as reported in the premier biomedical literature for over seven decades. Even though many of these reported adverse effects are extremely severe, the true extent of their severity has been grossly underestimated. Most of the reported laboratory experiments that produced these effects are not reflective of the real-life environment in which wireless radiation operates. Many experiments do not include pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal, and most do not account for synergistic effects of other toxic stimuli acting in concert with the wireless radiation. These two additions greatly exacerbate the severity of the adverse effects from wireless radiation, and their neglect in current (and past) experimentation results in substantial under-estimation of the breadth and severity of adverse effects to be expected in a real-life situation. This lack of credible safety testing, combined with depriving the public of the opportunity to provide informed consent, contextualizes the wireless radiation infrastructure operation as an unethical medical experiment