A topology-oblivious routing protocol for NDN-VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by intermittent connectivity, which leads to failures of end-to-end paths between nodes. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a network paradigm that deals with such problems, since information is forwarded based on content and not on the location of the hosts. In this work, we propose an enhanced routing protocol of our previous topology-oblivious Multihop, Multipath, and Multichannel NDN for VANETs (MMM-VNDN) routing strategy that exploits several paths to achieve more efficient content retrieval. Our new enhanced protocol, i mproved MMM-VNDN (iMMM-VNDN), creates paths between a requester node and a provider by broadcasting Interest messages. When a provider responds with a Data message to a broadcast Interest message, we create unicast routes between nodes, by using the MAC address(es) as the distinct address(es) of each node. iMMM-VNDN extracts and thus creates routes based on the MAC addresses from the strategy layer of an NDN node. Simulation results show that our routing strategy performs better than other state of the art strategies in terms of Interest Satisfaction Rate, while keeping the latency and jitter of messages low

Wireless Sensor Network Exploiting High Altitude Platform in 5G Network

Technology development and socio-economic transformation have increased the demand for 5G cellular networks. They are expected to send information quickly and support many use cases emerging from a variety of applications. One of the use cases on the 5G network is the massive MTC (Machine Type Communication), wherein wireless sensor network (WSN) is a typical application. Challenges faced by a 5G cellular network are how to model an architecture/topology to support WSN and to solve energy consumption efficiency problem in WSN. So, to overcome these challenges, a HAP system integrated with WSN which uses Low Energy Adaptive Hierarchy routing protocol is implemented. The HAP system is designed to be used at a 20-km altitude, and the topologies used are those with and without clustering. It uses 1,000 sensor nodes and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol. This system was simulated using MATLAB. Simulations were performed to analyze the energy consumption, the number of dead nodes, and the average total packets which were sent to HAP for non-clustered topology and clustered topology. Simulation results showed that the clustered topology could reduce energy consumption and the number of dead nodes while increasing the total packet sent to HAP.*****Perkembangan teknologi dan transformasi sosial-ekonomi telah menyebabkan bisnis jaringan seluler 5G mengalami Perubahan, sehingga jaringan seluler 5G diharapkan dapat mengirim informasi dengan cepat dan mendukung kasus penggunaan yang banyak bermunculan dari berbagai aplikasi. Salah satu kasus penggunaan pada jaringan 5G adalah massive Machine Type Communication (MTC). Salah satu aplikasi massive MTC adalah jaringan sensor nirkabel (JSN). Tantangan bagi jaringan seluler 5G ini adalah bagaimana memodelkan arsitektur/topologi untuk mendukung JSN dan bagaimana mengatasi masalah efisiensi konsumsi energi di JSN. Untuk menjawab tantangan ini, maka diterapkan sistem HAP yang terintegrasi JSN dan menggunakan protokol routing Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. Sistem HAP dirancang untuk digunakan di ketinggian 20 km dengan topologi tanpa dan dengan clustering, menggunakan 1.000 node sensor. Sistem ini telah disimulasikan dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Simulasi dilakukan untuk melihat konsumsi energi, jumlah node yang mati dan rata-rata total paket yang dikirim ke HAP untuk topologi tanpa dan dengan clustering. Dari serangkaian simulasi, terlihat bahwa topologi dengan clustering dapat mengurangi konsumsi energi dan jumlah node yang mati, sekaligus meningkatkan total paket yang dikirimkan ke HAP

Wireless Sensor Network Exploiting High Altitude Platform in 5G Network [Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel Menggunakan High Altitude Platform pada Jaringan 5G]

Technology development and socio-economic transformation have increased the demand for 5G cellular networks. They are expected to send information quickly and support many use cases emerging from a variety of applications. One of the use cases on the 5G network is the massive MTC (Machine Type Communication), wherein wireless sensor network (WSN) is a typical application. Challenges faced by a 5G cellular network are how to model an architecture/topology to support WSN and to solve energy consumption efficiency problem in WSN. So, to overcome these challenges, a HAP system integrated with WSN which uses Low Energy Adaptive Hierarchy routing protocol is implemented. The HAP system is designed to be used at a 20-km altitude, and the topologies used are those with and without clustering. It uses 1,000 sensor nodes and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol. This system was simulated using MATLAB. Simulations were performed to analyze the energy consumption, the number of dead nodes, and the average total packets which were sent to HAP for non-clustered topology and clustered topology. Simulation results showed that the clustered topology could reduce energy consumption and the number of dead nodes while increasing the total packet sent to HAP.*****Perkembangan teknologi dan transformasi sosial-ekonomi telah menyebabkan bisnis jaringan seluler 5G mengalami perubahan, sehingga jaringan seluler 5G diharapkan dapat mengirim informasi dengan cepat dan mendukung kasus penggunaan yang banyak bermunculan dari berbagai aplikasi. Salah satu kasus penggunaan pada jaringan 5G adalah massive Machine Type Communication (MTC). Salah satu aplikasi massive MTC adalah jaringan sensor nirkabel (JSN). Tantangan bagi jaringan seluler 5G ini adalah bagaimana memodelkan arsitektur/topologi untuk mendukung JSN dan bagaimana mengatasi masalah efisiensi konsumsi energi di JSN. Untuk menjawab tantangan ini, maka diterapkan sistem HAP yang terintegrasi JSN dan menggunakan protokol routing Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. Sistem HAP dirancang untuk digunakan di ketinggian 20 km dengan topologi tanpa dan dengan clustering, menggunakan 1.000 node sensor. Sistem ini telah disimulasikan dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Simulasi dilakukan untuk melihat konsumsi energi, jumlah node yang mati dan rata-rata total paket yang dikirim ke HAP untuk topologi tanpa dan dengan clustering. Dari serangkaian simulasi, terlihat bahwa topologi dengan clustering dapat mengurangi konsumsi energi dan jumlah node yang mati, sekaligus meningkatkan total paket yang dikirimkan ke HAP

Performance and energy efficiency in wireless self-organized networks

fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Green Cellular Networks: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges

Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall environment effects. This emerging trend of achieving energy efficiency in cellular networks is motivating the standardization authorities and network operators to continuously explore future technologies in order to bring improvements in the entire network infrastructure. In this article, we present a brief survey of methods to improve the power efficiency of cellular networks, explore some research issues and challenges and suggest some techniques to enable an energy efficient or "green" cellular network. Since base stations consume a maximum portion of the total energy used in a cellular system, we will first provide a comprehensive survey on techniques to obtain energy savings in base stations. Next, we discuss how heterogeneous network deployment based on micro, pico and femto-cells can be used to achieve this goal. Since cognitive radio and cooperative relaying are undisputed future technologies in this regard, we propose a research vision to make these technologies more energy efficient. Lastly, we explore some broader perspectives in realizing a "green" cellular network technologyComment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Implementation of Ad-Hoc Protocol On Tandem Multihop Wireless Network

The utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, especially in remote areas, is still relatively low, even though the technology is required to implement smart farming or smart villages, which aims to improve the quality of life of people in rural areas. The high investment cost for IoT networks that still use cellular networks or Wi-Fi is one of the causes of the slow implementation of this technology. Our previous research has developed an alternative network for IoT devices in remote areas with the concept of a Tandem Multihop Wireless Network focusing on developing simple message scheduling. This research focuses on implementing ad-hoc routing protocols in tandem with multi-hop wireless to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the protocol. Each sensor periodically sends data to the monitoring server via IoT devices on each tower. The scenario was implemented using MININET-WIFI. Evaluations were carried out to determine delivery probability, latency average, and jitter. In general, the two Ad-Hoc protocols tested, namely OLSR and BATMAN, had the same performance when the data sent was 1 MB, but when the data size was increased to 2 MB, the OLSR routing protocol on several nodes had better performance than BATMAN.The utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, especially in remote areas, is still relatively low, even though the technology is required to implement smart farming or smart villages, which aims to improve the quality of life of people in rural areas. The high investment cost for IoT networks that still use cellular networks or Wi-Fi is one of the causes of the slow implementation of this technology. Our previous research has developed an alternative network for IoT devices in remote areas with the concept of a Tandem Multihop Wireless Network focusing on developing simple message scheduling. This research focuses on implementing ad-hoc routing protocols in tandem with multi-hop wireless to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the protocol. Each sensor periodically sends data to the monitoring server via IoT devices on each tower. The scenario was implemented using MININET-WIFI. Evaluations were carried out to determine delivery probability, latency average, and jitter. In general, the two Ad-Hoc protocols tested, namely OLSR and BATMAN, had the same performance when the data sent was 1 MB, but when the data size was increased to 2 MB, the OLSR routing protocol on several nodes had better performance than BATMAN