DUAL-USE MATERIAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER IN UKRAINE: PREMISES AND PRESENT CATCH-22

The object of effort is to assess the underpin premises of transfer of dual use materials science technologies appeared in Ukraine after the Independence and those developed until nowadays. It is also to shed a light on this issue and evaluate historical, technical, political, and mental barriers between technology supplier / recipient and future prospects and successful steps to be made to overcome those. The work puts a problem to scrutinize today’s and future materials science dual use technology transfer control regulations and all premises associated and leaving an imprint on the realities existing in Ukraine. First of all, it is important to study technology transfer issues and a vital role of those premises appeared in Ukraine otherwise one may chase a ghost while trying to understand how to put it correct in a right legal and political way to successfully resolve this matter since in this case none turnkey solutions ever exist. For example, central to a control regime debate is to discuss an evolution, or lack of the existing transparent legislation covering dual-use technologies, and a discussion on its orientation and scope. Does this really work and sound in practice, and if “yes” then to what extent? Second, at a time of fundamental change in nature and order of international relations, the wisdom of ad hoc control regimes must not escape scrutiny. Although experts are very much aware of these problems, future of control regulations remains still blurred and uncertain, so what are their potential implications for international state’s security? The research revealed that a reassessment of the problems surrounding dual use materials science technologies and today’s control regulations should be made – both in terms of their potential improvement and/or possible new universal multilateral agreements and transparency among states involved in technology transfer. This further argues a need for new international mechanisms to ensure the transfer of dual-use materials science technologies, while not powering proliferation opportunities for weapon systems. The results of this endeavor make a ground floor for further debates in terms of politics and export control in the field of transfer of intangible technologies

Successful innovations?: efficient knowledge and technology transfer and international collaboration

The objective of this monograph was to outline and analyse framework of collaboration between higher education institutions and industry, explain implementation and management of knowledge and technology transfer with special regard to university spin-offs. It analysed commercialisation issues of knowledge and technology, best practices in this field adopted at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the United Kingdom and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA, and aspects of successful internationalisation of innovative companies shown in the comparison of Germany and Russia. The underdeveloped innovation culture in Slovakia is reflected in the evaluation of two field surveys at universities and research institutes in Slovakia. They were a base for a proposed model of effective management of commercialisation processes via technology transfer offices. Denisa Brighton contributed with her analysis of barriers of efficient commercialisation of intellectual property and know-how of universities and research institutes, barriers within businesses to innovate as well as barriers in the business environment as a whole as well. Marian Zajko contributed with his evaluation of the issues of creation, operation and benefits of university spin-offs and status of knowledge and technology transfer in the CENTROPE region. Kerstin Pezoldt contributed with her conclusions on internationalization of innovations based on the comparative analysis of German and Russian innovation scenes. They considered the following key success factors of knowledge and technology transfer in countries with underdeveloped innovation culture: quality research results, forward looking intellectual property management and commercialisation systems, efficient international collaboration in innovations, and consistent government support offering specific instruments stimulating the interests of researchers and businesses to engage in applied research. Finally, the authors presented a series of recommendations to be considered and adopted in order to achieve beneficial outcomes for all stakeholders of the commercialisation process. However, these measures should not be taken in isolation since the commercialisation process is a very comprehensive and continuous improvement process and requires long-term concerted efforts by universities, businesses and government.Auch im Buchhandel erhältlich: Successful innovations? : efficient knowledge and technology transfer and international collaboration / Denisa Brighton, Marian Zajko, Kerstin Pezoldt Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl. Ilmenau, 2015. - 183 S. ISBN 978-3-86360-115-7 Preis (Druckausgabe): 26,40

Policy options to overcome barriers to industrial energy efficiency in developing countries

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Moderating Effects of MNCs’ Country of Origin in the Relationship between Technology Recipient Characteristics and Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer

While realizing that technologies, knowledge, and competencies are the technology supplier’s main source of competitive advantage, the current inter-firm technology transfer (TT) issue in international joint ventures (IJVs) revolves around the extent of degree of technologies that are transferred by the suppliers to recipient partners in terms of tacit and explicit knowledge. Previous studies on intra-firm knowledge transfer have acknowledged the significant influence of technology actors and facilitators/barriers such as the knowledge transferred, source, recipient and contextual/relational characteristics in the knowledge transfer process. Although previous studies have established the significant relationships between technology transfer determinants and technology transfer, however, these relationships could possibly have been influenced by the MNCs’ country of origin (MNCCOO). Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effects of the MNCs’ country of origin in the relationships between technology recipient characteristics: absorptive capacity (ACAP) and recipient collaborativeness (RCOL) and two distinct dimensions of degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge within IJVs. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR), the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical dat