A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing In MANETs Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are self-establishing network that contains short radio range and limited bandwidth and they do not have any specified infrastructure. The ad hoc network changes its topology suddenly. In such this type of situation, establishing correct and efficient routes from source to destination is an important design issue in mobile ad hoc networks and its challenging goal is to provide energy efficient routing protocol. For finding the shortest path between the sources to destination, the routing technique genetic algorithm (GA) plays an important role. Such type of routing technique will reduce in finding the route again and again when any failure occurs in the path. Hence, it will take less time in sending again the packet to the destination and therefore it results in increasing throughput in the Mobile Ad hoc Network. In this paper, we have discussed the routing protocols, its classifications, advantage and disadvantages of the routing protocols and taxonomy of energy efficient routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc network. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160411

An efficient QOS routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks

To satisfy the user requirements for continuous and real-time multimedia information, the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) has emerged as a main issue in mobile ad-hoc networks. QoS routing is to find a route according to the QoS requirements of the users. In this paper, we propose an efficient QoS routing protocol that is based on AODV over TDMA, one of the typical routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, by making a bandwidth reservation for QoS guarantee. While the existing schemes calculate the maximum available bandwidth for each candidate path, our scheme is to check only if the bandwidth of a given path satisfies the end-to-end QoS requirement. Also, the key idea in the bandwidth reservation is to select carefully time slots without causing any conficts in the wireless environment, thereby maximizing the bandwidth efficiency. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed QoS routing protocol, some simulations are carried out in the adhoc environment. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol provides sufficiently low and stable delay performance regardless of the offered load.1st IFIP International Conference on Ad-Hoc NetWorkingRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

A Novel Scalable Multicast Mesh Routing Protocol for Mobile ad hoc Networks

In recent years the use of portable and wireless equipment is becoming more widespread, and as in many situations communication infrastructure might not be available, wireless networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly important. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that exchanges data over wireless paths. The nodes in this network are free to move at any time, therefore the network topology changes in an unpredictable way. Since there is no fixed infrastructure support in mobile ad hoc networks, each node functions as a host and a router. Due to mobility, continuous change in topology, limited bandwidth, and reliance on batteries; designing a reliable and scalable routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. Multicast routing protocols have been developed for routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing protocols suffer from overheads and scalability. As the number of senders, groups, and mobility speed increases, the routing overhead and the packet collision increases, and therefore the packet delivery ratio decreases. Thus none of the existing proposed multicast routing protocols perform well in every situation. In this study a novel multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks is proposed. It is an efficient and scalable routing protocol, and named Network Sender Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMRP). NSMRP is a reactive mesh based multicast routing protocol. A central node called mesh sender (MS) is selected periodically from among the group(s) sender(s) to create one mesh in order to be used in forwarding control and data packets to all multicast group(s) member(s). One invitation message will be periodically flooded to all group(s) member(s) by MS to join the group(s). The proposed routing protocol is evaluated by simulation and compared with a well known routing protocol. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn

Link State Routing in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

International audienceLink state has been the dominating IGP routing technology in IP networks for more than a decade. With the advent of wireless ad-hoc networking, the need for light, efficient and robust routing makes it a good candidate to be also used in this constrained environment. One of the key issue in ad-hoc networking is the lack of bandwidth. Thus, in this paper we examine the overhead due to link state routing in an ad-hoc network. More precisely we study the classic link-state protocol OSPF and OLSR, a link state protocol that was developed specifically for ad-hoc networks. Further, we study how this overhead evolves when the node density increases. The last part of the paper presents directions towards extending OSPF for wireless and ad-hoc networks, which would make it a favorite to seamlessly unify wired and mobile IP networks

A Survey of QoS Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks

The aim of this paper is to give a big survey in enhancing the balance of the routing load and the consumption of resources using network layer metrics for the path discovery in the MAODV protocol. A ad hoc network (AD HOC NETWORKS) consists of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form a temporary network without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration. The bandwidth of the ad hoc networks architecture is limited and shared between the participating nodes in the network, therefore an efficient utilization of the network bandwidth is very important. Multicasting technology can minimize the consumption of the link bandwidth and reduce the communication cost too. As multimedia and group-oriented computing gains more popularity for users of ad hoc networks, the effective Quality of Service (QoS) of the multicasting protocol plays a significant role in ad hoc networks. In this paper we propose a reconstruction of the MAODV protocol by extending some featuring QoS in MAODV. All simulations are prepared with the NS2 simulator and compare the performance of this algorithm with the MAODV algorithm. The achieved results illustrate faster path discovery and more performing routing balance in the use of MAODV-Extension.This paper would give relatively a modest support in Mobile Technology according to QoS communication

A Survey On Hybrid Routing Protocols In MANETS

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication wi thin the network. The main goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to establish correct and efficient route between a pair of mobile nodes. Route should be discovered and maintained with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. There are number of routing protocols were proposed for ad hoc networks. T he objective of this paper is to create a taxonomy of the ad hoc hybrid routing protocols, and to survey and comp are each type of hybrid protocols. We try to show the requirements considered by the different hybrid protocols, the resource limitations under which they operate, and the design decisions made by the author

A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page

An efficient QOS routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks

To satisfy the user requirements for continuous and real-time multimedia information, the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) has emerged as a main issue in mobile ad-hoc networks. QoS routing is to find a route according to the QoS requirements of the users. In this paper, we propose an efficient QoS routing protocol that is based on AODV over TDMA, one of the typical routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, by making a bandwidth reservation for QoS guarantee. While the existing schemes calculate the maximum available bandwidth for each candidate path, our scheme is to check only if the bandwidth of a given path satisfies the end-to-end QoS requirement. Also, the key idea in the bandwidth reservation is to select carefully time slots without causing any conficts in the wireless environment, thereby maximizing the bandwidth efficiency. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed QoS routing protocol, some simulations are carried out in the adhoc environment. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol provides sufficiently low and stable delay performance regardless of the offered load.1st IFIP International Conference on Ad-Hoc NetWorkingRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

P-AODV Routing Protocol for Better Performance in MANET

MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network) is an independent collection of mobile nodes that communicate over quite bandwidth constrained wireless links. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), the performance of various on-demand routing protocols significantly affected by the changing network topology.in the route discovery process, AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) is the mostly studied on-demand routing protocol that uses single route reply packet with reverse path for answering to the source node. Due to increase in the variability of the network topology, the possibility of route reply packet loss increases & destroys the performance of the routing protocol. It includes related material and details of other modified AODV protocols like R-AODV, Multipath Routing Protocol. This protocols makes better performance as compared to AODV but there we need more modification for efficient. We then focus on the end-to-end delay, throughput and overhead for the performance improvement. As by, we proposed a new AODV routing protocol that uses R-AODV for route discovery and Multipath routing protocol for data(packet) sending from source to the destination. Our proposed Protocol (P-AODV) would improve performance in terms of Average End-to-End Delay, Throughput and Routing Overhead. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15058

A Comparative Analysis of OLSR Routing Protocol based on PSO and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) in Manets

New developments in wireless communication have enabled the use of highly efficient and inexpensive wireless receivers in a variety of portable applications. Each node in a mobile network is a mobile device that independently organizes its own connection to the others and manages its own data transmissions. The adaptability, scalability, and cost reduction of mobile networks have attracted considerable attention. Because mobile networks are constantly changing, problems with routing and power usage are common. High error rates, energy limitations, and inadequate bandwidth are just a few of the issues plaguing mobile ad hoc networks. The relevance of routing protocols in dynamic multi-hop networks like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has drawn the attention of many scholars. In this paper, we focus on  implementing an OLSR(Optimised Link State  Routing) protocol and evaluates its performance using two optmisation algorithm: Particle Swarm Optimization(OLSR) and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO). The simulation result suggests that PSO is superior to both CSO and the conventional OLSR routing technique. We implemented using NS-2 simulator for simulation and NAM for network animation