Sustainable Aviation Fuel in a Scandinavian Context - A Systems Perspective on Sustainable Transitions within the Aviation Industry

The aviation sector is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, accounting for approximately 2.5% of total global emissions. The main contributor to these emissions is the production and consumption of aviation fuel, hence, transitioning to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a critical step towards reducing the industry’s carbon footprint. However, the adoption of SAF presents complex challenges that extend beyond environmental considerations and include industrial as well as business aspects. This paper focuses on the demand for SAF in the Scandinavian aviation industry and explores different pathways for its adoption. A system dynamics model is developed and simulated under varying parameters and scenarios to examine the transition to SAF. The results for each Scandinavian country are presented and discussed, along with potential policies to aid the transition. The overview is that biofuel is the first to be adopted, followed by e-fuel, and lastly hydrogen but the timing is varied with Sweden being the first to start adopting SAFs. The paper then identifies mechanisms that are better targets for intervention and can inform decision-making in the adoption of SAFs in the aviation industry. The study offers insights into the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to SAF and highlights the importance of a coordinated effort involving multiple stakeholders, including airlines, fuel producers, policymakers, and consumers.Master's Thesis in System DynamicsGEO-SD351MASV-SYSDYINTL-MNINTL-SVINTL-KMDINTL-JUSINTL-MEDINTL-PSYKINTL-H

The new Basel accord and developing countries: problems and alternatives

The new Basel Accord framework relies on markets and supervisors to discipline banks. Yet both markets and supervisors fail, and more so in developing countries than in high-income countries. Therefore, the new Accord is not, as its designers claim, suitable for wide application. Nevertheless, developing country policymakers have little choice but to implement it in part or in whole. Hence there are problems of governance in international regulation. I offer seven general principles for the design of a prudential regime more robust to government and market failure. Four alternative capital regimes are evaluated in the light of these principles. Simpler and harsher regimes are likely to achieve greater safety with a given level of resources

Workplace Incivility toward Individuals with Disabilities, Secure Attachment Style, and Mental Health: Focus on Mediator and Moderator Effects

Despite the value of workplace civility, civility has been replaced by social exchanges that include statements and behaviors deemed largely unacceptable and undeniably rude. One type of rude behavior that appears innocuous is called workplace incivility, yet incivility disturbs efficient functioning among employees, intensifies work stress, and poses a grave financial hazard to an organization. Literature expressly on incivility toward individuals with disabilities is virtually non-existent, although emerging literature reveals that employees with disabilities are at a greater risk of experiencing workplace mistreatment vis-à-vis employees without disabilities. This quantitative study investigated the role of workplace incivility with respect to individuals with disabilities, its relation to mental health, and the role of secure attachment as a moderator and incivility as a mediator. While incivility that an employee experiences was expected to facilitate mental health decline, an employee’s secure attachment style was expected to buffer against it. Sequential hierarchical regression and structural equation model analyses were conducted to construe relationships among observed variables of two hypothetical models in this non-experimental design. The models included both direct and indirect paths consisting of mediator and moderator effects. The study indicated that (a) having a disability was linked to increased incivility encounters, (b) incivility encounters had a negative effect on target’s mental stability, (c) encountering incivility intensified the negative link between having a disability mental stability, (d) attachment security moderated or weakened the negative link between having a disability and incivility encounters, (e) increased levels of attachment security increased workplace mental stability, and (f) having a disability was significantly linked to decreased workplace mental stability. The study revealed that employees with disabilities were vulnerable to damaging mental health-related outcomes of incivility but that secure attachment shielded them against incivility encounters