1,646 research outputs found
Multi-latin squares
A multi-latin square of order and index is an array of
multisets, each of cardinality , such that each symbol from a fixed set of
size occurs times in each row and times in each column. A
multi-latin square of index is also referred to as a -latin square. A
-latin square is equivalent to a latin square, so a multi-latin square can
be thought of as a generalization of a latin square.
In this note we show that any partially filled-in -latin square of order
embeds in a -latin square of order , for each , thus
generalizing Evans' Theorem. Exploiting this result, we show that there exist
non-separable -latin squares of order for each . We also show
that for each , there exists some finite value such that for
all , every -latin square of order is separable.
We discuss the connection between -latin squares and related combinatorial
objects such as orthogonal arrays, latin parallelepipeds, semi-latin squares
and -latin trades. We also enumerate and classify -latin squares of small
orders.Comment: Final version as sent to journa
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On the number of additive permutations and Skolem-type sequences
Cavenagh and Wanless recently proved that, for sufficiently large odd n, the number of transversals in the Latin square formed from the addition table for integers modulo n is greater than (3.246)n. We adapt their proof to show that for sufficiently large t the number of additive permutations on [-t,t] is greater than (3.246)2t+1 and we go on to derive some much improved lower bounds on the numbers of Skolem-type sequences. For example, it is shown that for sufficiently large t ≡ 0$ or 3 (mod 4), the number of split Skolem sequences of order n=7t+3 is greater than (3.246)6t+3. This compares with the previous best bound of 2⌊n/3⌋
Latin cubes of even order with forbidden entries
We consider the problem of constructing Latin cubes subject to the condition
that some symbols may not appear in certain cells. We prove that there is a
constant such that if and is a -dimensional array where every cell contains at most symbols, and
every symbol occurs at most times in every line of , then is
{\em avoidable}; that is, there is a Latin cube of order such that for
every , the symbol in position of does not
appear in the corresponding cell of .Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1809.0239
The Trapping Redundancy of Linear Block Codes
We generalize the notion of the stopping redundancy in order to study the
smallest size of a trapping set in Tanner graphs of linear block codes. In this
context, we introduce the notion of the trapping redundancy of a code, which
quantifies the relationship between the number of redundant rows in any
parity-check matrix of a given code and the size of its smallest trapping set.
Trapping sets with certain parameter sizes are known to cause error-floors in
the performance curves of iterative belief propagation decoders, and it is
therefore important to identify decoding matrices that avoid such sets. Bounds
on the trapping redundancy are obtained using probabilistic and constructive
methods, and the analysis covers both general and elementary trapping sets.
Numerical values for these bounds are computed for the [2640,1320] Margulis
code and the class of projective geometry codes, and compared with some new
code-specific trapping set size estimates.Comment: 12 pages, 4 tables, 1 figure, accepted for publication in IEEE
Transactions on Information Theor
Perfect domination in regular grid graphs
We show there is an uncountable number of parallel total perfect codes in the
integer lattice graph of . In contrast, there is just one
1-perfect code in and one total perfect code in
restricting to total perfect codes of rectangular grid graphs (yielding an
asymmetric, Penrose, tiling of the plane). We characterize all cycle products
with parallel total perfect codes, and the -perfect and
total perfect code partitions of and , the former
having as quotient graph the undirected Cayley graphs of with
generator set . For , generalization for 1-perfect codes is
provided in the integer lattice of and in the products of cycles,
with partition quotient graph taken as the undirected Cayley graph
of with generator set .Comment: 16 pages; 11 figures; accepted for publication in Austral. J. Combi
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