4,273 research outputs found
Kinetic Theory and Hydrodynamics of Dense, Reacting Fluids far from Equilibrium
The kinetic theory for a fluid of hard spheres which undergo endothermic
and/or exothermic reactions with mass transfer is developed. The exact balance
equations for concentration, density, velocity and temperature are derived. The
Enskog approximation is discussed and used as the basis for the derivation, via
the Chapman-Enskog procedure, of the Navier-Stokes-reaction equations under
various assumptions about the speed of the chemical reactions. It is shown that
the phenomenological description consisting of a reaction-diffusion equation
with a convective coupling to the Navier-Stokes equations is of limited
applicability.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Chemical Physic
Estimates for the kinetic transport equation in hyperbolic Sobolev spaces
We establish smoothing estimates in the framework of hyperbolic Sobolev
spaces for the velocity averaging operator of the solution of the
kinetic transport equation. If the velocity domain is either the unit sphere or
the unit ball, then, for any exponents and , we find a characterisation
of the exponents and , except possibly for an endpoint case,
for which is bounded from space-velocity
to space-time . Here, and are the classical
and hyperbolic derivative operators, respectively. In fact, we shall provide an
argument which unifies these velocity domains and the velocity averaging
estimates in either case are shown to be equivalent to mixed-norm bounds on the
cone multiplier operator acting on . We develop our ideas further in
several ways, including estimates for initial data lying in certain Besov
spaces, for which a key tool in the proof is the sharp decoupling
theorem recently established by Bourgain and Demeter. We also show that the
level of permissible smoothness increases significantly if we restrict
attention to initial data which are radially symmetric in the spatial variable.Comment: 23 pages; some additional arguments added to the proof of Theorem 1.3
in the case d=3; to appear in Journal de Math\'ematiques Pures et
Appliqu\'ee
Kinetic Theory of Response Functions for the Hard Sphere Granular Fluid
The response functions for small spatial perturbations of a homogeneous
granular fluid have been described recently. In appropriate dimensionless
variables, they have the form of stationary state time correlation functions.
Here, these functions are expressed in terms of reduced single particle
functions that are expected to obey a linear kinetic equation. The functional
assumption required for such a kinetic equation, and a Markov approximation for
its implementation are discussed. If, in addition, static velocity correlations
are neglected, a granular fluid version of the linearized Enskog kinetic theory
is obtained. The derivation makes no a priori limitation on the density, space
and time scale, nor degree of inelasticity. As an illustration, recently
derived Helfand and Green-Kubo expressions for the Navier-Stokes order
transport coefficients are evaluated with this kinetic theory. The results are
in agreement with those obtained from the Chapman-Enskog solution to the
nonlinear Enskog kinetic equation.Comment: Submitted to J. Stat. Mec
Lattice models for granular-like velocity fields: Hydrodynamic limit
A recently introduced model describing -on a 1d lattice- the velocity field
of a granular fluid is discussed in detail. The dynamics of the velocity field
occurs through next-neighbours inelastic collisions which conserve momentum but
dissipate energy. The dynamics can be described by a stochastic equation in
full phase space, or through the corresponding Master Equation for the time
evolution of the probability distribution. In the hydrodynamic limit, equations
for the average velocity and temperature fields with fluctuating currents are
derived, which are analogous to those of granular fluids when restricted to the
shear modes. Therefore, the homogeneous cooling state, with its linear
instability, and other relevant regimes such as the uniform shear flow and the
Couette flow states are described. The evolution in time and space of the
single particle probability distribution, in all those regimes, is also
discussed, showing that the local equilibrium is not valid in general. The
noise for the momentum and energy currents, which are correlated, are white and
Gaussian. The same is true for the noise of the energy sink, which is usually
negligible
Enskog Theory for Polydisperse Granular Mixtures. I. Navier-Stokes order Transport
A hydrodynamic description for an -component mixture of inelastic, smooth
hard disks (two dimensions) or spheres (three dimensions) is derived based on
the revised Enskog theory for the single-particle velocity distribution
functions. In this first portion of the two-part series, the macroscopic
balance equations for mass, momentum, and energy are derived. Constitutive
equations are calculated from exact expressions for the fluxes by a
Chapman-Enskog expansion carried out to first order in spatial gradients,
thereby resulting in a Navier-Stokes order theory. Within this context of small
gradients, the theory is applicable to a wide range of restitution coefficients
and densities. The resulting integral-differential equations for the zeroth-
and first-order approximations of the distribution functions are given in exact
form. An approximate solution to these equations is required for practical
purposes in order to cast the constitutive quantities as algebraic functions of
the macroscopic variables; this task is described in the companion paper.Comment: 36 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics of particle-stabilized thin liquid films
Our recent quasi-two-dimensional thermodynamic description of thin-liquid
films stabilized by colloidal particles is generalized to describe nonuniform
equilibrium states of films in external potentials and nonequilibrium transport
processes produced in the film by gradients of thermodynamic forces. Using a
Monte--Carlo simulation method, we have determined equilibrium equations of
state for a film stabilized by a suspension of hard spheres. Employing a
multipolar-expansion method combined with a flow-reflection technique, we have
also evaluated the short-time film-viscosity coefficients and collective
particle mobility.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
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