2,944 research outputs found
From Artifacts to Aggregations: Modeling Scientific Life Cycles on the Semantic Web
In the process of scientific research, many information objects are
generated, all of which may remain valuable indefinitely. However, artifacts
such as instrument data and associated calibration information may have little
value in isolation; their meaning is derived from their relationships to each
other. Individual artifacts are best represented as components of a life cycle
that is specific to a scientific research domain or project. Current cataloging
practices do not describe objects at a sufficient level of granularity nor do
they offer the globally persistent identifiers necessary to discover and manage
scholarly products with World Wide Web standards. The Open Archives
Initiative's Object Reuse and Exchange data model (OAI-ORE) meets these
requirements. We demonstrate a conceptual implementation of OAI-ORE to
represent the scientific life cycles of embedded networked sensor applications
in seismology and environmental sciences. By establishing relationships between
publications, data, and contextual research information, we illustrate how to
obtain a richer and more realistic view of scientific practices. That view can
facilitate new forms of scientific research and learning. Our analysis is
framed by studies of scientific practices in a large, multi-disciplinary,
multi-university science and engineering research center, the Center for
Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS).Comment: 28 pages. To appear in the Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology (JASIST
Evaluating Digital Libraries: A Longitudinal and Multifaceted View
published or submitted for publicatio
Adding eScience Assets to the Data Web
Aggregations of Web resources are increasingly important in scholarship as it
adopts new methods that are data-centric, collaborative, and networked-based.
The same notion of aggregations of resources is common to the mashed-up,
socially networked information environment of Web 2.0. We present a mechanism
to identify and describe aggregations of Web resources that has resulted from
the Open Archives Initiative - Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) project. The
OAI-ORE specifications are based on the principles of the Architecture of the
World Wide Web, the Semantic Web, and the Linked Data effort. Therefore, their
incorporation into the cyberinfrastructure that supports eScholarship will
ensure the integration of the products of scholarly research into the Data Web.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2009)
Worksho
Implications of Hypertext Theory for the Reading, Organization, and Retrieval of Information
Hypertext, the creation of links within or among texts in a digital environment, is the basis on which documents are transmitted electronically. This paper explores implications of hypertext theory for how users read, seek, and understand information. Hypertext does not necessarily change reading cognition, but its nodal structure affects readers\u27 interactions with texts on a conceptual level. From a broader perspective, hypertext applications create and organize networks of literature that can be retrieved on a multiplicity of levels. Hypertext and its connecting properties allow 1) information seekers to accomplish their tasks in a digital environment, and 2) information professionals to fulfill long-held goals for organizing and disseminating information
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Linking Textual Resources to Support Information Discovery
A vast amount of information is today stored in the form of textual documents, many of which are available online. These documents come from different sources and are of different types. They include newspaper articles, books, corporate reports, encyclopedia entries and research papers. At a semantic level, these documents contain knowledge, which was created by explicitly connecting information and expressing it in the form of a natural language. However, a significant amount of knowledge is not explicitly stated in a single document, yet can be derived or discovered by researching, i.e. accessing, comparing, contrasting and analysing, information from multiple documents. Carrying out this work using traditional search interfaces is tedious due to information overload and the difficulty of formulating queries that would help us to discover information we are not aware of.
In order to support this exploratory process, we need to be able to effectively navigate between related pieces of information across documents. While information can be connected using manually curated cross-document links, this approach not only does not scale, but cannot systematically assist us in the discovery of sometimes non-obvious (hidden) relationships. Consequently, there is a need for automatic approaches to link discovery.
This work studies how people link content, investigates the properties of different link types, presents new methods for automatic link discovery and designs a system in which link discovery is applied on a collection of millions of documents to improve access to public knowledge
Integrating institutional repositories into the Semantic Web
The Web has changed the face of scientific communication; and the Semantic Web promises new ways of adding value to research material by making it more accessible to automatic discovery, linking, and analysis. Institutional repositories contain a wealth of information which could benefit from the application of this technology. In this thesis I describe the problems inherent in the informality of traditional repository metadata, and propose a data model based on the Semantic Web which will support more efficient use of this data, with the aim of streamlining scientific communication and promoting efficient use of institutional research output
Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications
In this paper, we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of developing and integrating formal knowledge models with archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge-intensive services, beyond what is currently available using “standard” information retrieval and search facilities. Our approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In this paper, we give an overview of the approach and we examine the various types of issues (e.g. modelling, organizational and user interface issues) which need to be tackled to effectively deploy our approach in the workplace. In addition, we also discuss a number of technologies we have developed to support ontology-driven document enrichment and we illustrate our ideas in the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines
The demands of users and the publishing world: printed or online, free or paid for?
International audienc
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