1,339 research outputs found

    Annotation interoperability for the post-ISOCat era

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    With this paper, we provide an overview over ISOCat successor solutions and annotation standardization efforts since 2010, and we describe the low-cost harmonization of post-ISOCat vocabularies by means of modular, linked ontologies: The CLARIN Concept Registry, LexInfo, Universal Parts of Speech, Universal Dependencies and UniMorph are linked with the Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation and through it with ISOCat, the GOLD ontology, the Typological Database Systems ontology and a large number of annotation schemes

    Next Generation Business Ecosystems: Engineering Decentralized Markets, Self-Sovereign Identities and Tokenization

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    Digital transformation research increasingly shifts from studying information systems within organizations towards adopting an ecosystem perspective, where multiple actors co-create value. While digital platforms have become a ubiquitous phenomenon in consumer-facing industries, organizations remain cautious about fully embracing the ecosystem concept and sharing data with external partners. Concerns about the market power of platform orchestrators and ongoing discussions on privacy, individual empowerment, and digital sovereignty further complicate the widespread adoption of business ecosystems, particularly in the European Union. In this context, technological innovations in Web3, including blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies, have emerged as potential catalysts for disrupting centralized gatekeepers and enabling a strategic shift towards user-centric, privacy-oriented next-generation business ecosystems. However, existing research efforts focus on decentralizing interactions through distributed network topologies and open protocols lack theoretical convergence, resulting in a fragmented and complex landscape that inadequately addresses the challenges organizations face when transitioning to an ecosystem strategy that harnesses the potential of disintermediation. To address these gaps and successfully engineer next-generation business ecosystems, a comprehensive approach is needed that encompasses the technical design, economic models, and socio-technical dynamics. This dissertation aims to contribute to this endeavor by exploring the implications of Web3 technologies on digital innovation and transformation paths. Drawing on a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, it makes three overarching contributions: First, a conceptual perspective on \u27tokenization\u27 in markets clarifies its ambiguity and provides a unified understanding of the role in ecosystems. This perspective includes frameworks on: (a) technological; (b) economic; and (c) governance aspects of tokenization. Second, a design perspective on \u27decentralized marketplaces\u27 highlights the need for an integrated understanding of micro-structures, business structures, and IT infrastructures in blockchain-enabled marketplaces. This perspective includes: (a) an explorative literature review on design factors; (b) case studies and insights from practitioners to develop requirements and design principles; and (c) a design science project with an interface design prototype of blockchain-enabled marketplaces. Third, an economic perspective on \u27self-sovereign identities\u27 (SSI) as micro-structural elements of decentralized markets. This perspective includes: (a) value creation mechanisms and business aspects of strategic alliances governing SSI ecosystems; (b) business model characteristics adopted by organizations leveraging SSI; and (c) business model archetypes and a framework for SSI ecosystem engineering efforts. The dissertation concludes by discussing limitations as well as outlining potential avenues for future research. These include, amongst others, exploring the challenges of ecosystem bootstrapping in the absence of intermediaries, examining the make-or-join decision in ecosystem emergence, addressing the multidimensional complexity of Web3-enabled ecosystems, investigating incentive mechanisms for inter-organizational collaboration, understanding the role of trust in decentralized environments, and exploring varying degrees of decentralization with potential transition pathways

    Data ethics : building trust : how digital technologies can serve humanity

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    Data is the magic word of the 21st century. As oil in the 20th century and electricity in the 19th century: For citizens, data means support in daily life in almost all activities, from watch to laptop, from kitchen to car, from mobile phone to politics. For business and politics, data means power, dominance, winning the race. Data can be used for good and bad, for services and hacking, for medicine and arms race. How can we build trust in this complex and ambiguous data world? How can digital technologies serve humanity? The 45 articles in this book represent a broad range of ethical reflections and recommendations in eight sections: a) Values, Trust and Law, b) AI, Robots and Humans, c) Health and Neuroscience, d) Religions for Digital Justice, e) Farming, Business, Finance, f) Security, War, Peace, g) Data Governance, Geopolitics, h) Media, Education, Communication. The authors and institutions come from all continents. The book serves as reading material for teachers, students, policy makers, politicians, business, hospitals, NGOs and religious organisations alike. It is an invitation for dialogue, debate and building trust! The book is a continuation of the volume “Cyber Ethics 4.0” published in 2018 by the same editors

    Natural Language Reasoning on ALC knowledge bases using Large Language Models

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    Τα προεκπαιδευμένα γλωσσικά μοντέλα έχουν κυριαρχήσει στην επεξεργασία φυσικής γλώσσας, αποτελώντας πρόκληση για τη χρήση γλωσσών αναπαράστασης γνώσης για την περιγραφή του κόσμου. Ενώ οι γλώσσες αυτές δεν είναι αρκετά εκφραστικές για να καλύψουν πλήρως τη φυσική γλώσσα, τα γλωσσικά μοντέλα έχουν ήδη δείξει σπουδαία αποτελέσματα όσον αφορά την κατανόηση και την ανάκτηση πληροφοριών απευθείας σε δεδομένα φυσικής γλώσσας. Διερευνούμε τις επιδόσεις των γλωσσικών μοντέλων για συλλογιστική φυσικής γλώσσας στη περιγραφική λογική ALC. Δημιουργούμε ένα σύνολο δεδομένων από τυχαίες βάσεις γνώσης ALC, μεταφρασμένες σε φυσική γλώσσα, ώστε να αξιολογήσουμε την ικανότητα των γλωσσικών μοντέλων να λειτουργούν ως συστήματα απάντησης ερωτήσεων πάνω σε βάσεις γνώσης φυσικής γλώσσας.Pretrained language models have dominated natural language processing, challenging the use of knowledge representation languages to describe the world. While these lan- guages are not expressive enough to fully cover natural language, language models have already shown great results in terms of understanding and information retrieval directly on natural language data. We explore language models’ performance at the downstream task of natural language reasoning in the description logic ALC. We generate a dataset of random ALC knowledge bases, translated in natural language, in order to assess the language models’ ability to function as question-answering systems over natural language knowledge bases

    Fishing for Politics?:Civil society activism and environmental politicisation in Vietnam

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    In Southeast Asia, a region marked with a strong legacy of authoritarian regimes, scholars have focused on struggles of environmentalism in either illiberal democracies or communist states like Vietnam. In Vietnam and China, formal NGOs as well as grassroots activists need to overcome restrictions from the central government. Such a context would hamper any confrontational tactics of civil society actors and, thus, require a more discreet modus operandi from activists, working through personal and institutionalised networks. However, recent literature has suggested moving beyond this ‘first-generation’ discreet approach to civil society under authoritarianism, advocating for understanding of the wider opportunities and difficulties posed by new methods and technologies to challenge the status quo and advocate for change.This dissertation highlights how environmental politicisation under political oppression can be unearthed in a way that is helpful for a more nuanced understanding of contemporary activism in Vietnam and beyond. I drew empirical insights from cases of environmental activism to reveal the complexity and multiple dimensions within the broad umbrella of 'civil society activism in Vietnam', where a lack of explicit and public activism is assumed to be the political norm. Overall, this dissertation provides a critical reflection on environmental politicisation in authoritarian contexts. It seeks to understand environmental politicisation at the intersection of social movements, spatial planning, and political ecology. In doing so, it investigates the complex conditions that makes (environmental) activism possible under authoritarianism

    Northeastern Illinois University, Academic Catalog 2023-2024

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    https://neiudc.neiu.edu/catalogs/1064/thumbnail.jp

    A computational analysis of hedging in English to Polish translations of film subtitles.

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    openThe thesis presents a new pragmatic annotation scheme for the phenomenon of hedging which allows for a computational analysis of its occurrences in English and Polish film subtitles. First and foremost, the definition of the concept of hedging is provided, as well as an overview of its evolution within linguistic studies and its several classifications. The general notions concerning linguistic annotation and parallel corpora are discussed in the following sections, along with some references to the relevance of a computational analysis to other fields of study, such as computer-assisted translation. The second chapter introduces the Opensubtitles and the ParTy corpora and explains the selection of texts which, having been converted into CONLL-U format, are subsequently the object of a quantitative and contrastive analysis of various occurrences of hedges in English original material and its Polish translation. Thus assembled evidence constitutes the basis for the development of a pragmatic annotation scheme specific to hedges. Lastly, the application of the aforementioned scheme to the chosen texts allows for a more thorough analysis and discussion of certain cases presenting the phenomenon in question. The thesis ends with some considerations on the value of the annotation scheme for future study.The thesis presents a new pragmatic annotation scheme for the phenomenon of hedging which allows for a computational analysis of its occurrences in English and Polish film subtitles. First and foremost, the definition of the concept of hedging is provided, as well as an overview of its evolution within linguistic studies and its several classifications. The general notions concerning linguistic annotation and parallel corpora are discussed in the following sections, along with some references to the relevance of a computational analysis to other fields of study, such as computer-assisted translation. The second chapter introduces the Opensubtitles and the ParTy corpora and explains the selection of texts which, having been converted into CONLL-U format, are subsequently the object of a quantitative and contrastive analysis of various occurrences of hedges in English original material and its Polish translation. Thus assembled evidence constitutes the basis for the development of a pragmatic annotation scheme specific to hedges. Lastly, the application of the aforementioned scheme to the chosen texts allows for a more thorough analysis and discussion of certain cases presenting the phenomenon in question. The thesis ends with some considerations on the value of the annotation scheme for future study

    Universalité mineure : Penser l’humanité après l’universalisme occidental

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    The circulation and entanglements of human beings, data, and goods have not necessarily and by themselves generated a universalising consciousness. The "global" and the "universal", in other words, are not the same. The idea of a world-society remains highly contested. Our times are marked by the fragmentation of a double relativistic character: the inevitable critique of Western universalism on the one hand, and resurgent identitarian and neo-nationalistic claims to identity on the other. Sources of an argumentation for a strong universalism brought forward by Western traditions such as Christianity, Marxism, and Liberalism have largely lost their legitimation. All the while, manifold and situated narratives of a common world that re-address the universal are under way of being produced and gain significance. This volume tracks the development and relevance of such cultural and social practices that posit forms of what we call minor universality. It asks: Where and how do contemporary practices open up concrete settings so as to create experiences, reflections and agencies of a shared humanity?European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Gran
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