Feature extraction comparison for facial expression recognition using adaptive extreme learning machine

Facial expression recognition is an important part in the field of affective computing. Automatic analysis of human facial expression is a challenging problem with many applications. Most of the existing automated systems for facial expression analysis attempt to recognize a few prototypes emotional expressions such as anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness, and surprise. This paper aims to compare feature extraction methods that are used to detect human facial expression. The study compares the gray level co-occurrence matrix, local binary pattern, and facial landmark (FL) with two types of facial expression datasets, namely Japanese female facial expression (JFFE), and extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+). In addition, we also propose an enhancement of extreme learning machine (ELM) method that can adaptively select best number of hidden neurons adaptive ELM (aELM) to reach its maximum performance. The result from this paper is our proposed method can slightly improve the performance of basic ELM method using some feature extractions mentioned before. Our proposed method can obtain maximum mean accuracy score of 88.07% on CK+ dataset, and 83.12% on JFFE dataset with FL feature extraction

A Multi-Population FA for Automatic Facial Emotion Recognition

Automatic facial emotion recognition system is popular in various domains such as health care, surveillance and human-robot interaction. In this paper we present a novel multi-population FA for automatic facial emotion recognition. The overall system is equipped with horizontal vertical neighborhood local binary patterns (hvnLBP) for feature extraction, a novel multi-population FA for feature selection and diverse classifiers for emotion recognition. First, we extract features using hvnLBP, which are robust to illumination changes, scaling and rotation variations. Then, a novel FA variant is proposed to further select most important and emotion specific features. These selected features are used as input to the classifier to further classify seven basic emotions. The proposed system is evaluated with multiple facial expression datasets and also compared with other state-of-the-art models

A Study of Method in Facial Emotional Recognitation

Facial expressions make important role in social communication and widely used in the behavioral interpretation of emotions. Automatic facial expression recognition is one of the most provocative and stimulate obstacle in computer vision due to its potential utilization such as Human Computer Interaction (HCI), behavioral science, video games etc. Two popular methods utilized mostly in the literature for the automatic FER systems are based on geometry and appearance. Even though there is lots of research using static images, the research is still going on for the development of new methods which would be quiet easy in computation and would have less memory usage as compared to previous methods. This paper presents a quick compare of facial expression recognition. A comparative study of various feature extraction techniques by different method

Facial Emotion Recognition Feature Extraction: A Survey

Facial emotion recognition is a process based on facial expression to automatically recognize individual emotion expression. Automatic recognition refers to creating computer systems that are able to simulate human natural ability of detection, analysis, and determination of emotion by facial expression. Human natural recognition uses various points of observation to make decision or conclusion on emotion expressed by the present person in front. Facial features efficiently extracted aid in improving the classifier performance and application efficiency. Many feature extraction methods based on shape, texture, and other local features are proposed in the literature, and this chapter will review them. This chapter will survey some recent and formal feature expression methods from video and image products and classify them according to their efficiency and application

Facial expression recognition via a jointly-learned dual-branch network

Human emotion recognition depends on facial expressions, and essentially on the extraction of relevant features. Accurate feature extraction is generally difficult due to the influence of external interference factors and the mislabelling of some datasets, such as the Fer2013 dataset. Deep learning approaches permit an automatic and intelligent feature extraction based on the input database. But, in the case of poor database distribution or insufficient diversity of database samples, extracted features will be negatively affected. Furthermore, one of the main challenges for efficient facial feature extraction and accurate facial expression recognition is the facial expression datasets, which are usually considerably small compared to other image datasets. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new approach based on a dual-branch convolutional neural network for facial expression recognition, which is formed by three modules: The two first ones ensure features engineering stage by two branches, and features fusion and classification are performed by the third one. In the first branch, an improved convolutional part of the VGG network is used to benefit from its known robustness, the transfer learning technique with the EfficientNet network is applied in the second branch, to improve the quality of limited training samples in datasets. Finally, and in order to improve the recognition performance, a classification decision will be made based on the fusion of both branches’ feature maps. Based on the experimental results obtained on the Fer2013 and CK+ datasets, the proposed approach shows its superiority compared to several state-of-the-art results as well as using one model at a time. Those results are very competitive, especially for the CK+ dataset, for which the proposed dual branch model reaches an accuracy of 99.32, while for the FER-2013 dataset, the VGG-inspired CNN obtains an accuracy of 67.70, which is considered an acceptable accuracy, given the difficulty of the images of this dataset

Survey on Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression

Automatic recognition of human affects has become more interesting and challenging problem in artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction and computer vision fields. Facial Expression (FE) is the one of the most significant features to recognize the emotion of human in daily human interaction. FE Recognition (FER) has received important interest from psychologists and computer scientists for the applications of health care assessment, human affect analysis, and human computer interaction. Human express their emotions in a number of ways including body gesture, word, vocal and facial expressions. Expression is the important channel to convey emotion information of different people because face can express mainly human emotion. This paper surveys the current research works related to facial expression recognition. The study attends to explored details of the facial datasets, feature extraction methods, the comparison results and futures studies of the facial emotion system