Automatic plant recognition using convolutional neural network on malaysian medicinal herbs: the value of data augmentation

Herbs are an important nutritional source for humans since they provide a variety of nutrients. Indigenous people have employed herbs, in particular, as traditional medicines since ancient times. Malaysia has hundreds of plant species; herb detection may be difficult due to the variety of herb species and their shape and color similarities. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of support datasets for detecting these plants. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) on Malaysian medicinal herbs datasets, real data and augmented data. Malaysian medical herbs data were obtained from Taman Herba Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, and ten kinds of native herbs were chosen. Both datasets were evaluated using the CNN model developed throughout the research. Overall, herbs real data obtained an average accuracy of 75%, whereas herbs augmented data achieved an average accuracy of 88%. Based on these findings, herbs augmented data surpassed herbs actual data in terms of accuracy after undergoing the augmentation technique

Detection and localization of cotton based on deep neural networks

Cotton detection is the localization and identification of the cotton in an image. It has a wide application in robot harvesting.  Various modern algorithms use deep learning techniques for detection of fruits/flowers. As per the survey, the topics travelled include numerous algorithms used, and accuracy obtained on using those algorithms on their data set. The limitations and the advantages in each paper, are also discussed. This paper focuses on various fruit detection algorithms- the Faster RCNN, the RCNN, YOLO. Ultimately, a rigorous survey of many papers related to the detection of objects like fruits/flowers, analysis of the assets and faintness of each paper leads us to understanding the techniques and purpose of algorithms. &nbsp

A Hybrid Approch Tomato Diseases Detection At Early Stage

 In traditional farming practice, skilled people are hired to manually examine the land and detect the presence of diseases through visual inspection, but the visual inspection method is ineffective. High accuracy of disease detection is one of the most important factors in crop production and reducing crop losses. Meanwhile, the evolution of deep convolutional neural networks for image classification has rapidly improved the accuracy of object detection, classification and system recognition. Previous tomato detection methods based on faster region convolutional neural network (RCNN) are less efficient in terms of accuracy. Researchers have used many methods to detect tomato leaf diseases, but their accuracy is not optimal. This study presents a Faster RCNN-based deep learning model for the detection of three tomato leaf diseases (late blight, mosaic virus, and leaf septoria). The methodology presented in this paper consists of four main steps. The first step is pre-processing. At the second stage, segmentation was done using fuzzy C Means. In the third step, feature extraction was performed with ResNet 50. In the fourth step, classification was performed with Faster RCNN to detect tomato leaf diseases. Two evaluation parameters precision and accuracy are used to compare the proposed model with other existing approaches. The proposed model has the highest accuracy of 98.6% in detecting tomato leaf diseases. In addition, the work can be extended to train the model for other types of tomato diseases, such as leaf mold, spider mites, as well as to detect diseases of other crops, such as potatoes, peanuts, etc

Intelligent robotics harvesting system process for fruits grasping prediction.

This paper proposes and executes an in-depth learning-based image processing approach for self-picking apples. The system includes a lightweight one-step detection network for fruit recognition. As well as computer vision to analyze the point class and anticipate a correct approach position for each fruit before grabbing. Using the raw inputs from a high-resolution camera, fruit recognition and instance segmentation are done on RGB photos. The computer vision classification and grasping systems are integrated and outcomes from tree-grown foods are provided as input information and output methodology poses for every apple and orange to robotic arm execution. Before RGB picture data is acquired from laboratory and plantation environments, the developed vision method will be evaluated. Robot harvest experiment is conducted in indoor as well as outdoor to evaluate the proposed harvesting system's performance. The research findings suggest that the proposed vision technique can control robotic harvesting effectively and precisely where the success rate of identification is increased above 95% in case of post prediction process with reattempts of less than 12%

Model of field robot manipulators and sensor for measuring angular displacement of its rotating parts

This research aims to measure and control the angular change of rotation mechanisms of (energy-saving) robotic manipulators used in agriculture to develop digital farming, energy saving, and quality product harvesting. The novelty of this research is that different processes and images are placed in a special processor for processing, and this robot processes the image according to the size of the tomato plant and tomato and tries to harvest the crop. This study presents the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor and its technical characteristics. The existing electromagnetic angular displacement sensors have been thoroughly analyzed and compared with other types of sensors. The reason for the low sensitivity of the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor has been investigated, and some technical modification to the existing sensor has been made. The magnetic circuits of the electromagnetic sensors have been analyzed. A method is proposed for expanding the range of angular measurements up to 180 degrees and increasing the sensitivity of the electromagnetic sensor without compromising the measurement accuracy. This, in turn, allows high-precision control and measurement of rotating mechanisms of all types of mechatronic systems and agricultural robots

Precision Agriculture using Internet of thing with Artificial intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review

Machine learning with its high precision algorithms, Precision agriculture (PA) is a new emerging concept nowadays. Many researchers have worked on the quality and quantity of PA by using sensors, networking, machine learning (ML) techniques, and big data. However, there has been no attempt to work on trends of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, dataset and crop type on precision agriculture using internet of things (IoT). This research aims to systematically analyze the domains of AI techniques and datasets that have been used in IoT based prediction in the area of PA. A systematic literature review is performed on AI based techniques and datasets for crop management, weather, irrigation, plant, soil and pest prediction. We took the papers on precision agriculture published in the last six years (2013-2019). We considered 42 primary studies related to the research objectives. After critical analysis of the studies, we found that crop management; soil and temperature areas of PA have been commonly used with the help of IoT devices and AI techniques. Moreover, different artificial intelligence techniques like ANN, CNN, SVM, Decision Tree, RF, etc. have been utilized in different fields of Precision agriculture. Image processing with supervised and unsupervised learning practice for prediction and monitoring the PA are also used. In addition, most of the studies are forfaiting sensory dataset to measure different properties of soil, weather, irrigation and crop. To this end, at the end, we provide future directions for researchers and guidelines for practitioners based on the findings of this revie

Segmentation of images by color features: a survey

En este articulo se hace la revisión del estado del arte sobre la segmentación de imagenes de colorImage segmentation is an important stage for object recognition. Many methods have been proposed in the last few years for grayscale and color images. In this paper, we present a deep review of the state of the art on color image segmentation methods; through this paper, we explain the techniques based on edge detection, thresholding, histogram-thresholding, region, feature clustering and neural networks. Because color spaces play a key role in the methods reviewed, we also explain in detail the most commonly color spaces to represent and process colors. In addition, we present some important applications that use the methods of image segmentation reviewed. Finally, a set of metrics frequently used to evaluate quantitatively the segmented images is shown