Machine Learning for Readability Assessment and Text Simplification in Crisis Communication: A Systematic Review

In times of social media, crisis managers can interact with the citizens in a variety of ways. Since machine learning has already been used to classify messages from the population, the question is, whether such technologies can play a role in the creation of messages from crisis managers to the population. This paper focuses on an explorative research revolving around selected machine learning solutions for crisis communication. We present systematic literature reviews of readability assessment and text simplification. Our research suggests that readability assessment has the potential for an effective use in crisis communication, but there is a lack of sufficient training data. This also applies to text simplification, where an exact assessment is only partly possible due to unreliable or non-existent training data and validation measures

Identificación del nivel de complejidad de texto para el entrenamiento de chatbots basado en Machine Learning: una revisión de literatura|

El nivel de complejidad textual puede ser un inconveniente para algunas personas al momento de usar Chatbots, debido a que estos programas podrían dar respuestas cuyo nivel de complejidad no sea el que entienda el usuario. Entonces, aquellos Chatbots deberían ser entrenados con un conjunto de datos cuya complejidad textual sea la deseada, para evitar confusiones con los usuarios. Para ello, se define una revisión sistemática, en la cual se usan las bases de datos de Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library e IEEE Xplore, de las cuáles se obtiene la información necesaria empleando las palabras claves definidas por el método PICOC, obteniendo un total de treinta y ocho documentos que evidencian la existencia de distintas métricas para analizar la complejidad textual de textos, así como experimentos de entrenamiento con Chatbots y los correspondientes resultados de sus interacciones con los usuarios. Además, analizando documentos de tesis asociadas al tema de investigación, se refuerzan los conceptos de que la complejidad textual puede ser analizado mediante conjunto de métricas. Finalmente, en base a lo desarrollado en la revisión de la literatura y documentos de tesis, se presentan las conclusiones deducidas.Trabajo de investigació

Journalism that reads like literature: the digital development of literary journalism in American and Portuguese reportage

In the present age where literary journalism is shifting toward a more digital narrative style, this study aimed to ascertain whether and how the multimedia elements of the Web enhance or detract from the features of literary journalism. Acknowledging how this hy-brid genre aims to combine formal structure, visual, audio, and interactive elements into a cohesive storyline, this study needed to conduct a qualitative content analysis. We could be able to carry out our investigation using two relevant textual evidence of digital liter-ary journalism from American and Portuguese online newspapers; this analysis was cru-cial in determining whether or not these digital phenomena signal a revolutionary shift in literary journalism, as well as how far it extends to include multimedia strategies. The findings revealed that LJ in the online realm uses multimedia elements to strengthen au-thenticity and, whereas literary devices remain an essential consideration, the multimedia resources make the reading experience more immersive. Finally, in order to stimulate fur-ther research on the subject, we discussed the potential scenario of literary journalism as digitalization advances.Na era atual, em que o jornalismo literário está mudando para um estilo narrativo mais digital, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se e como os elementos multimídia da Web aprimoram ou prejudicam as características do jornalismo literário. Reconhecendo como esse gênero híbrido combina estrutura formal, visual, áudio e elementos interativos em um enredo coeso, este estudo realiza uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa usando duas evidências textuais relevantes do jornalismo literário digital de jornais online americanos e portugueses. Essa análise foi crucial para determinar se esses fenômenos digitais são ou não uma mudança revolucionária no jornalismo literário, bem como até que ponto se estende para incluir estratégias multimídia. Os resultados revelaram que o JL no domínio online usa elementos multimídia para fortalecer a sua autenticidade e, enquanto os dispositivos literários continuam sendo uma consideração essencial, os recursos multimídia tornam a experiência de leitura mais imersiva. Por fim, para estimular mais pesquisas sobre o assunto, discutimos o cenário potencial do jornalismo literário à medida que a digitalização avança

NILC-Metrix : assessing the complexity of written and spoken language in Brazilian Portuguese

This paper presents and makes publicly available the NILC-Metrix, a computational system comprising 200 metrics proposed in studies on discourse, psycholinguistics, cognitive and computational linguistics, to assess textual complexity in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). These metrics are relevant for descriptive analysis and the creation of computational models and can be used to extract information from various linguistic levels of written and spoken language. The metrics in NILC-Metrix were developed during the last 13 years, starting in 2008 with Coh-Metrix-Port, a tool developed within the scope of the PorSimples project. Coh-Metrix-Port adapted some metrics to BP from the Coh-Metrix tool that computes metrics related to cohesion and coherence of texts in English. After the end of PorSimples in 2010, new metrics were added to the initial 48 metrics of Coh-Metrix-Port. Given the large number of metrics, we present them following an organisation similar to the metrics of Coh-Metrix v3.0 to facilitate comparisons made with metrics in Portuguese and English. In this paper, we illustrate the potential of NILC-Metrix by presenting three applications: (i) a descriptive analysis of the differences between children's film subtitles and texts written for Elementary School I and II (Final Years); (ii) a new predictor of textual complexity for the corpus of original and simplified texts of the PorSimples project; (iii) a complexity prediction model for school grades, using transcripts of children's story narratives told by teenagers. For each application, we evaluate which groups of metrics are more discriminative, showing their contribution for each task

2020-2021 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog

This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State