Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 341)

This bibliography lists 133 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during September 1990. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance

NASA SBIR abstracts of 1990 phase 1 projects

The research objectives of the 280 projects placed under contract in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1990 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 1 program are described. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses in response to NASA's 1990 SBIR Phase 1 Program Solicitation. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 280, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. The document also includes Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference in the 1990 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA field center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number

Space exploration: The interstellar goal and Titan demonstration

Automated interstellar space exploration is reviewed. The Titan demonstration mission is discussed. Remote sensing and automated modeling are considered. Nuclear electric propulsion, main orbiting spacecraft, lander/rover, subsatellites, atmospheric probes, powered air vehicles, and a surface science network comprise mission component concepts. Machine, intelligence in space exploration is discussed

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A continuing bibliography (Supplement 226)

This bibliography lists 129 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in November 1981

Small business innovation research. Abstracts of 1988 phase 1 awards

Non-proprietary proposal abstracts of Phase 1 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) projects supported by NASA are presented. Projects in the fields of aeronautical propulsion, aerodynamics, acoustics, aircraft systems, materials and structures, teleoperators and robots, computer sciences, information systems, data processing, spacecraft propulsion, bioastronautics, satellite communication, and space processing are covered

NASA SBIR abstracts of 1991 phase 1 projects

The objectives of 301 projects placed under contract by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are described. These projects were selected competitively from among proposals submitted to NASA in response to the 1991 SBIR Program Solicitation. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 301, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference of the 1991 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA Field Center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number are included

The effects of protective clothing and its properties on energy consumption during different activities: literature review

There are many industrial situations where workers are required to wear personal protective clothing and equipment (PPC), for example, firefighters, chemical workers, cold store workers, army personnel and those working in the steel and forestry industries. Although this protective clothing may provide protection from the primary hazard, for example heat or chemicals, it can also create ergonomic problems. In recent years many PPC product standards have been introduced, these have helped to improve the quality of the protective clothing and so increased the safety of the workers. However, information on the effect of the clothing on the wearer and the interactions between PPC, wearer and environment are limited. Most PPC is designed for optimal protection against the hazard present, but this protection in itself can be a hazard. There are important side effects to protective clothing and typically with increasing protection requirements, the ergonomic problems increase. Often the main problem is the added load on the body in terms of weight. Also reduced mobility due to garment stiffness reduces the freedom of movement and may increase the risk of falls or getting caught in machinery. Even worse, the extra load and discomfort due to the protective clothing may tempt workers not to wear it when the primary hazard risk is low, leaving them unprotected if the hazard unexpectedly reappears or increases in strength. The problems of protective clothing can be seen as thermal, metabolic and performance issues. By creating a barrier between the wearer and the environment, clothing interferes with the process of thermoregulation, particularly reducing dry heat loss and sweat evaporation. The main metabolic effects come from the added weight of the clothing and the ‘hobbling effect’ due to garment bulk and stiffness, both of which increase metabolic cost so the worker has to expend more energy when carrying out tasks. Loss of freedom of movement and range of motion due to PPC can also lead to reduced performance. Current heat and cold stress standards consider the balance of heat production and loss but focus on environmental conditions and work rate metabolism. They also assume workers are wearing light, vapour permeable clothing. By failing to consider the metabolic effects of actual protective clothing, the standards underestimate heat production and therefore current standards cannot be accurately applied to workers wearing PPC. The effects of protective clothing on workers have been studied across a number of industries but studies have mainly concentrated on the thermal effects of clothing, such as heart rate, core temperature responses to different garments and on performance decrements caused by wearing PPC. Very few studies have considered the metabolic effects. Quantifying the effect of PPC on metabolic load based on the properties of the PPC was one of the objectives of the European Union THERMPROTECT project and the work undertaken for this thesis made up work package 4 of the EU project. The main objectives of the project were to provide data and models which allow the heat and cold stress assessment standards to be updated so that they need no longer exclude specialised protective clothing

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 184

This bibliography lists 139 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in August 1978

Small Business Innovation Research. Program solicitation. Closing date: July 21, 1992

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) invites small businesses to submit Phase 1 proposals in response to its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program Solicitation 92-1. Firms with research or research and development capabilities (R/R&D) in science or engineering in any of the areas listed are encouraged to participate. This, the tenth annual SBIR solicitation by NASA, describes the program, identifies eligibility requirements, describes the proposal evaluation and award selection process, and provides other information to assist those interested in participating in NASA's SBIR program. It also identifies, in Section 8.0, the technical topics and subtopics in which SBIR Phase 1 proposals are solicited in 1992. These topics and subtopics cover a broad range of current NASA interests but do not necessarily include all areas in which NASA plans or currently conducts research. The NASA SBIR program seeks innovative approaches that respond to the needs, technical requirements, and new opportunities described in the subtopics. The focus is on innovation through the use of emerging technologies, novel applications of existing technologies, exploitation of scientific breakthroughs, or new capabilities or major improvements to existing technologies. NASA plans to select about 320 high-quality research or research and development proposals for Phase 1 contract awards on the basis of this Solicitation. Phase 1 contracts are normally six months in duration and funded up to $50,000, including profit. Selections will be based on the competitive merits of the offers and on NASA needs and priorities