Application of artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection of myocardial infarction: A review

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in heart muscle injury due to receiving insufficient blood flow. MI is the most common cause of mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals around the world. To diagnose MI, clinicians need to interpret electrocardiography (ECG) signals, which requires expertise and is subject to observer bias. Artificial intelligence-based methods can be utilized to screen for or diagnose MI automatically using ECG signals. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of artificial intelligence-based approaches for MI detection based on ECG as well as other biophysical signals, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The performance of traditional ML methods relies on handcrafted features and manual selection of ECG signals, whereas DL models can automate these tasks. The review observed that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) yielded excellent classification performance for MI diagnosis, which explains why they have become prevalent in recent years. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques employed for MI diagnosis using ECG and other biophysical signals.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Detection and Localization of Myocardial Infarction Based on Multi-Scale ResNet and Attention Mechanism

PURPOSE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, frequently resulting in death. Early and accurate diagnosis is therefore important, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple and effective method for achieving this. However, it requires assessment by a specialist; so many recent works have focused on the automatic assessment of ECG signals. METHODS: For the detection and localization of MI, deep learning models have been proposed, but the diagnostic accuracy of this approaches still need to be improved. Moreover, with deep learning methods the way in which a given result was achieved lacks interpretability. In this study, ECG data was obtained from the PhysioBank open access database, and was analyzed as follows. Firstly, the 12-lead ECG signal was preprocessed to identify each beat and obtain each heart interval. Secondly, a multi-scale deep learning model combined with a residual network and attention mechanism was proposed, where the input was the 12-lead ECG recording. Through the SENet model and the Grad-CAM algorithm, the weighting of each lead was calculated and visualized. Using existing knowledge of the way in which different types of MI gave characteristic patterns in specific ECG leads, the model was used to provisionally diagnose the type of MI according to the characteristics of each of the 12 ECG leads. RESULTS: Ten types of MI anterior, anterior lateral, anterior septal, inferior, inferior lateral, inferior posterior, inferior posterior lateral, lateral, posterior, and posterior lateral were diagnosed. The average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for MI detection of all lesion types was 99.98, 99.94, and 99.98%, respectively; and the average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for MI localization was 99.79, 99.88, and 99.98%, respectively. CONCLUSION: When compared to existing models based on traditional machine learning methods, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, the results showed that the proposed model had better diagnostic performance, being superior in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity

Identification of myocardial infarction using consumer smartwatch ECG measurement

The goal of this thesis is to detect and classify acute myocardial infarctions from smartwatch ECG data. As the smartwatches have been increasing in numbers, and many of new smartwatch models have capability to detect ECG data. This study aims to answer to the question whether or not the ECG data from smartwatches can be used to detect acute myocardial infarctions. To answer to this question, and existing database has been used in tandem with smartwatch ECG data gathered from two different smartwatches. Five different machine learning models have been used to detect and classify ECG data. The best performing machine learning model was Extra Trees, which achieved accuracy of 90.84% with using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation. These results show that ECG data from smartwatches could be used to detect infarctions. Measuring ECG with smartwatch is much easier than using clinical ECG measurement devices, meaning that ECG measuring could reach much wider audience that it has prior to this been able to reach. Further research could include gathering larger database from smartwatch ECG, and the data ownership of smartwatch, and other medical and biological data that companies collect

Automated detection and localization of myocardial infarction with staked sparse autoencoder and TreeBagger

Novel techniques in deep learning networks are proposed for the staked sparse autoencoder (SAE) and the bagged decision tree (TreeBagger), achieving significant improvement in detection and localization of myocardial infarction (MI) from single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) signals. With our layer-wise training strategies, the SAE-based diagnostic feature extraction network can automatically and steadily extract the deep distinguishing diagnostic features of the single-lead ECG signals and avoid the vanishing gradient problem. This feature extraction network is formed by stacking shallow SAEs. In addition, to automatically learn the stable distinctive feature expression of the label-less input ECG signals, this feature extraction network adopts unsupervised learning. Moreover, TreeBagger classifier can optimize the results of multiple decision trees to more accurately detect and localize MI. The experiment and verification datasets include healthy controls, various types of MI with anterior, anterior lateral, anterior septal, anterior septal lateral, inferior, inferior lateral, inferior posterior, inferior posterior lateral, lateral, posterior, and posterior lateral, from PTB diagnostic ECG database. The evaluation results show that the new techniques can effectively and accurately detect and localize the MI pathologies. For MI detection, the accuracy, the sensitivity, and the specificity rates achieve as high as 99.90%, 99.98%, and 99.52%, respectively. For MI localization, we obtain consistent results with the accuracy of 98.88%, sensitivity 99.95%, and specificity 99.87%. The comparative studies are conducted with the state-of-the-art techniques, and significant improvements by our methods are presented in the context. Success in the development of the accurate and comprehensive tool greatly helps the cardiologists in detection and localization of the single-lead ECG signals of MI.Published versio