5 research outputs found

    Exploration of smart infrastructure for drivers of autonomous vehicles

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    The connection between vehicles and infrastructure is an integral part of providing autonomous vehicles information about the environment. Autonomous vehicles need to be safe and users need to trust their driving decision. When smart infrastructure information is integrated into the vehicle, the driver needs to be informed in an understandable manner what the smart infrastructure detected. Nevertheless, interactions that benefit from smart infrastructure have not been the focus of research, leading to knowledge gaps in the integration of smart infrastructure information in the vehicle. For example, it is unclear, how the information from two complex systems can be presented, and if decisions are made, how these can be explained. Enriching the data of vehicles with information from the infrastructure opens unexplored opportunities. Smart infrastructure provides vehicles with information to predict traffic flow and traffic events. Additionally, it has information about traffic events in several kilometers distance and thus enables a look ahead on a traffic situation, which is not in the immediate view of drivers. We argue that this smart infrastructure information can be used to enhance the driving experience. To achieve this, we explore designing novel interactions, providing warnings and visualizations about information that is out of the view of the driver, and offering explanations for the cause of changed driving behavior of the vehicle. This thesis focuses on exploring the possibilities of smart infrastructure information with a focus on the highway. The first part establishes a design space for 3D in-car augmented reality applications that profit from smart infrastructure information. Through the input of two focus groups and a literature review, use cases are investigated that can be introduced in the vehicle's interaction interface which, among others, rely on environment information. From those, a design space that can be used to design novel in-car applications is derived. The second part explores out-of-view visualizations before and during take over requests to increase situation awareness. With three studies, different visualizations for out-of-view information are implemented in 2D, stereoscopic 3D, and augmented reality. Our results show that visualizations improve the situation awareness about critical events in larger distances during take over request situations. In the third part, explanations are designed for situations in which the vehicle drives unexpectedly due to unknown reasons. Since smart infrastructure could provide connected vehicles with out-of-view or cloud information, the driving maneuver of the vehicle might remain unclear to the driver. Therefore, we explore the needs of drivers in those situations and derive design recommendations for an interface which displays the cause for the unexpected driving behavior. This thesis answers questions about the integration of environment information in vehicles'. Three important aspects are explored, which are essential to consider when implementing use cases with smart infrastructure in mind. It enables to design novel interactions, provides insights on how out-of-view visualizations can improve the drivers' situation awareness and explores unexpected driving situations and the design of explanations for them. Overall, we have shown how infrastructure and connected vehicle information can be introduced in vehicles' user interface and how new technology such as augmented reality glasses can be used to improve the driver's perception of the environment.Autonome Fahrzeuge werden immer mehr in den alltĂ€glichen Verkehr integriert. Die Verbindung von Fahrzeugen mit der Infrastruktur ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Bereitstellung von Umgebungsinformationen in autonome Fahrzeugen. Die Erweiterung der Fahrzeugdaten mit Informationen der Infrastruktur eröffnet ungeahnte Möglichkeiten. Intelligente Infrastruktur ĂŒbermittelt verbundenen Fahrzeugen Informationen ĂŒber den prĂ€dizierten Verkehrsfluss und Verkehrsereignisse. ZusĂ€tzlich können Verkehrsgeschehen in mehreren Kilometern Entfernung ĂŒbermittelt werden, wodurch ein Vorausblick auf einen Bereich ermöglicht wird, der fĂŒr den Fahrer nicht unmittelbar sichtbar ist. Mit dieser Dissertation wird gezeigt, dass Informationen der intelligenten Infrastruktur benutzt werden können, um das Fahrerlebnis zu verbessern. Dies kann erreicht werden, indem innovative Interaktionen gestaltet werden, Warnungen und Visualisierungen ĂŒber Geschehnisse außerhalb des Sichtfelds des Fahrers vermittelt werden und indem ErklĂ€rungen ĂŒber den Grund eines verĂ€nderten Fahrzeugverhaltens untersucht werden. Interaktionen, welche von intelligenter Infrastruktur profitieren, waren jedoch bisher nicht im Fokus der Forschung. Dies fĂŒhrt zu WissenslĂŒcken bezĂŒglich der Integration von intelligenter Infrastruktur in das Fahrzeug. Diese Dissertation exploriert die Möglichkeiten intelligenter Infrastruktur, mit einem Fokus auf die Autobahn. Der erste Teil erstellt einen Design Space fĂŒr Anwendungen von augmentierter RealitĂ€t (AR) in 3D innerhalb des Autos, die unter anderem von Informationen intelligenter Infrastruktur profitieren. Durch das Ergebnis mehrerer Studien werden AnwendungsfĂ€lle in einem Katalog gesammelt, welche in die Interaktionsschnittstelle des Autos einfließen können. Diese AnwendungsfĂ€lle bauen unter anderem auf Umgebungsinformationen. Aufgrund dieser Anwendungen wird der Design Space entwickelt, mit Hilfe dessen neuartige Anwendungen fĂŒr den Fahrzeuginnenraum entwickelt werden können. Der zweite Teil exploriert Visualisierungen fĂŒr Verkehrssituationen, die außerhalb des Sichtfelds des Fahrers sind. Es wird untersucht, ob durch diese Visualisierungen der Fahrer besser auf ein potentielles Übernahmeszenario vorbereitet wird. Durch mehrere Studien wurden verschiedene Visualisierungen in 2D, stereoskopisches 3D und augmentierter RealitĂ€t implementiert, die Szenen außerhalb des Sichtfelds des Fahrers darstellen. Diese Visualisierungen verbessern das Situationsbewusstsein ĂŒber kritische Szenarien in einiger Entfernung wĂ€hrend eines Übernahmeszenarios. Im dritten Teil werden ErklĂ€rungen fĂŒr Situationen gestaltet, in welchen das Fahrzeug ein unerwartetes Fahrmanöver ausfĂŒhrt. Der Grund des Fahrmanövers ist dem Fahrer dabei unbekannt. Mit intelligenter Infrastruktur verbundene Fahrzeuge erhalten Informationen, die außerhalb des Sichtfelds des Fahrers liegen oder von der Cloud bereit gestellt werden. Dadurch könnte der Grund fĂŒr das unerwartete Fahrverhalten unklar fĂŒr den Fahrer sein. Daher werden die BedĂŒrfnisse des Fahrers in diesen Situationen erforscht und Empfehlungen fĂŒr die Gestaltung einer Schnittstelle, die ErklĂ€rungen fĂŒr das unerwartete Fahrverhalten zur VerfĂŒgung stellt, abgeleitet. Zusammenfassend wird gezeigt wie Daten der Infrastruktur und Informationen von verbundenen Fahrzeugen in die Nutzerschnittstelle des Fahrzeugs implementiert werden können. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, wie innovative Technologien wie AR Brillen, die Wahrnehmung der Umgebung des Fahrers verbessern können. Durch diese Dissertation werden Fragen ĂŒber AnwendungsfĂ€lle fĂŒr die Integration von Umgebungsinformationen in Fahrzeugen beantwortet. Drei wichtige Themengebiete wurden untersucht, welche bei der Betrachtung von AnwendungsfĂ€llen der intelligenten Infrastruktur essentiell sind. Durch diese Arbeit wird die Gestaltung innovativer Interaktionen ermöglicht, Einblicke in Visualisierungen von Informationen außerhalb des Sichtfelds des Fahrers gegeben und es wird untersucht, wie ErklĂ€rungen fĂŒr unerwartete Fahrsituationen gestaltet werden können

    Walking and cycling in an automated future: a Dutch-Australian comparison

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    Technological mobility innovation is poised to accelerate, with the advent of Automated Vehicles (AVs) predicted to improve road safety, reduce transport costs, increase access to mobility, and to hasten Electric Vehicle adoption. Although AV technology is evolving rapidly, consumer preferences for AV ownership and use, as well as the potential impacts of AVs on walking and cycling are not well understood. This research compares contextual conditions, attitudes and AV adoption likelihood in two contrasting locales: car-friendly Sydney, Australia and walk/cycle-friendly The Randstad, Netherlands. The research focuses on travel behaviour for short trips, where walking and cycling have traditionally held an advantage over motor vehicles. The research uses a mixed-methods approach that uses analytical methods (a comparison of locales), qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative methods (discrete choice analysis). The qualitative research reveals that Dutch participants feel that all road users have the same right to use road space, and should have the same expectation of safety. In contrast, Australian participants express impatience with “other people” walking, and score the importance of safety for car occupants as higher than for non-occupants. This highlights that attitudes towards non-car modes in some localities present a risk factor for further marginalisation of walking and cycling in an AV future. The quantitative research reveals that mode choice retention is highest for those who currently cycle, and that protected bicycle infrastructure is likely to encourage bicycle use in an AV future. Walking is also encouraged by the provision of separated infrastructure and is more popular for shopping in the Netherlands, where trips are more frequent and cargo-carrying requirements are lower

    Aerospace medicine and biology: A cumulative index to a continuing bibliography (supplement 371)

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    This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 359 through 370 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes seven indexes: subject, personal author, corporate source, foreign technology, contract number, report number, and accession number

    New HCI techniques for better living through technology

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    In the Human Computer Interaction community, researchers work on many projects that investigate the efficacy of new technologies for better living, but unlike other research fields, these researchers must have an approach that is typically multi-disciplinary. Technology is always developing thus improving our lives in many ways like education, health and communication. This due to the fact that it is supposed to make life easier. This dissertation explores three main aspects: the first is learning with new technologies, the second is the improvement of real life by using innovative devices while the third is the usage of mobile devices in combination with image processing algorithms and computer graphics techniques. We firstly describe the progress on the state of the art and related work that have been necessary to implement such tools on commodity hardware and deploy them in both mobile and desktop settings. We propose the usage of different technologies in different settings, comparing these solutions for enhancing the interaction experience by introducing virtual/augmented reality tools for supporting this kind of activities. We also applied well-known gamification techniques coming from different mobile applications for demonstrating how users can be entertained and motivated in their working out. We describe our design and prototype of several integrated systems created to improve the educational process, to enhance the shopping experience, to provide new experiences for travellers and even to improve fitness and wellness activities. Finally, we discuss our findings and frame them in the broader context of better living thanks to technology, drawing the lessons learnt from each work while also proposing relative future work
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