13 research outputs found

    ‘Writing the Wrongs’: Caribbean Publishing in Post-war Britain from a historical perspective

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    This thesis identifies and explores a connected Black/Caribbean publishing tradition, offering a new perspective on this subject as most studies either look at materials published in the Caribbean, or those published by Caribbean people in Britain. Beginning with an analysis of Robert Wedderburn’s publication of The Axe Laid to Root in 1817 and ending just before the First International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books in 1982, it illustrates how publishing was critical to the formation and dissemination of anti-slavery, anti-colonial, internationalist, Black Nationalist, feminist, anti-racist and Black Power struggles. Taking a broad view of ‘publishing,’ this analysis encompasses both the press and publishing houses, in the Caribbean and in Britain, interpreting them as part of a connected and interdependent publishing culture. This research draws on a wide range of sources including periodicals, publishing outputs, archival documents, original oral history interviews and exhibitions. Divided into two parts: Chapters 1-3 explore the establishment and development of Caribbean publishing from the abolition era up to the 1960s, both in the Caribbean and in the diaspora, in Britain. The remainder of the thesis shifts to post-war Britain, with Chapter 4 examining history features in the ‘Black’ press during the late 1950s and early 1960s, and Chapters 5 and 6 examining publishing houses New Beacon and Bogle L’Ouverture. This study contributes knowledge to three main areas: press and publishing history; literature on Black and Caribbean radical traditions; and scholarship about Caribbean history and historiography. By examining the dynamics and discourses of Black/Caribbean publishing, this thesis shows how this tradition is: historically grounded in earlier efforts of Caribbean publishers; characterised by interconnectedness; and a politically engaged tradition carried by the work of organic intellectuals who used publishing both as a form of activism and as a route to produce counter-hegemonic knowledge in the service of education

    Attendance list at the Urbana NWG meeting, February 17-19, 1971

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    The decolonial spatial politics of West Indian black power: praxis, theory and transnational exchange

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    The 1960s and 1970s were tumultuous decades in the West Indies. In this period, many of the islands of this former British colony attained formal independence and with this national identity, international alignment, state and economic structure and national trajectory become objects of political contestation for the first time in fully free and democratic nation-states. It was in this field of social, political and cultural upheaval that a significant Black Power movement and ideology emerged in the later years of the 1960s. Emergent from growing popular dissatisfaction with the trajectories and construction of these newly independent states and rooted in longstanding and powerful currents of subaltern race consciousness and anti-colonial and anti-imperial resistance the West Indian Black Power movement represented a serious challenge to the region’s post-colonial states and governments. Black Power groups and actors across the Caribbean world would articulate a politics and vision radically divergent to that of the islands’ nationalist governments and the (neo)colonial powers that still held significant influence. Built upon extensive archival research in Britain and the Caribbean this thesis makes a series of significant theoretical claims. Firstly, utilising a theoretical framework that combines political geographical theory with the thought of Caribbean scholars I understand the period of my study as an historical problem space constituted by and reflective of the multiple trajectories active at this time. Secondly, that West Indian Black Power represented a radical, decolonial historical-political trajectory divergent to that of the anti-colonial nationalisms of regional governments and the continued trajectory of (neo)colonialism. The West Indian Black Power movement thus inaugurated a spatial-politics in their present pre-figurative a desired decolonial vision for the region and its peoples. Finally, the geographies and regimes of repression deployed in opposition to the West Indian Black Power movement might be thought of as renewals of plantation spatialities and logics rooted in colonial racial ontologies and fears of independent, Black political organisation

    GVSU Press Releases, 1971

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    A compilation of press releases for the year 1971 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University

    Conflict transformation through international organizations

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    Entstehende Konflikte mit Ursprung in oder unter Beteilung einer Region, welche durch eine internationale Organisation zusammengehalten wird, tragen einen impliziten Handlungsappell an letztere in sich. Beabsichtigte sowohl als auch unbeabsichtigte Auswirkungen von Hand-lungen als auch Unterlassungen internationaler Organisationen, welche auf diese Weise aus-gelöst wurden, wirken sich umgestaltend auf den gegenstĂ€ndlichen Konflikt aus. Diese Dis-sertation analysiert eingehend die Konflikttransformationsgeschichte der Organisation Amerikanischer Staaten (OAS) auf der einen Seite, sowie jener der Assoziation SĂŒdost-asiatischer Staaten (ASEAN) auf der anderen. WĂ€hrend der Zugang durch die OAS ein ĂŒber-wiegend formaler, legalistischer und faktischer war, verfolgte die ASEAN eine vielmehr in-direkte, jedoch stĂ€rker holistisch geprĂ€gten Kurs. Die OAS entwickelte unterschiedliche Werkzeuge, um den meist zwischen zwei ihrer Mitglieder entstehenden Konflikten zu begegnen, diese aufzuklĂ€ren und so auf eine De-eskalation hinzu-wirken. DemgegenĂŒber hat die ASEAN nie den Anspruch auf Verantwortlichkeit ĂŒber die Schlichtung von ĂŒberwiegend bilateral ausgerichteten Konflikten erhoben; stattdessen zielte sie darauf ab die LĂ€nder inner- sowie außerhalb der Region, welche dazu dispositioniert schienen, Konflikte zu verursachen, verstĂ€rkt zu integrieren. Im Laufe der Jahrzehnte Ă€nderten beide Organisationen die von ihnen verfolgte Strategie und Sicherheitspolitik. FĂŒr die OAS gewann die Frage, welchen Status ihre Mitglieder Demokratie und Menschenrechte zugestanden insofern an Bedeutung, als dieser Umstand zunehmend als Faktor mit Konfliktrelevanz eingeschĂ€tzt wurde. Dies fĂŒhrte schließlich dazu, dass die OAS verschiedene EntitĂ€ten und gesetzliche Grundlagen zum Zwecke der Beobachtung und des Schutzes von Demokratie und Menschenrechten auf dem amerikanischen Kontinenten schuf. Im Gegensatz dazu erkannte die ASEAN, dass sie regionale sowie globale Konfrontationen am besten dadurch vermeidet, indem sie LĂ€nder mit erheblichen Interessen in SĂŒdostasien ver-stĂ€rkt einbindet. Dazu verfolgte die Assoziation einen zweifache Zugang: einerseits rief sie zahlreiche Plattformen ins Leben, mit dem Ziel das unter den daran teilnehmenden Staaten von inner- und außerhalb der Region, entstehende Vertrauen zu erhöhen. In Hinblick auf SĂŒd-ostasien selbst, verfolgte die ASEAN eifrig eine beschleunigte Umsetzung der von ihren GrĂŒndungsvĂ€tern ersonnen „Ein SĂŒdostasien“-Vision, indem sie darum bestrebt war alle LĂ€nder der Region als Mitglieder zu gewinnen, und dies trotz weltweit geĂ€ußerter Kritik an dieser Politik. Und obgleich beide Organisationen eine vorhersehbare Neigung zeigten, Konfliktsituationen einzudĂ€mmen, so entwickelten sie unterschiedliche Stile, mit denen sie herannahenden Dis-puten begegneten. Wie ausgefĂŒhrt, sind die hierbei zur Anwendung gelangenden Methoden und Modi bedingt durch die, den Organisationen zugrundeliegenden normativen und ideellen Strukturen. Gemeinsame Ideen und gemeinsames Wissen als auch IdentitĂ€tsĂŒberlappungen sind entscheidende Kriterien in Hinblick auf Fragen wie, was eine Bedrohung grundsĂ€tzlich ĂŒberhaupt ausmacht, oder wie Sicherheit zu definieren ist. Das zugrundeliegende VerstĂ€ndnis ĂŒber die Welt und ĂŒber sich selbst beeinflussen direkt wie Internationale Organisationen auf eine gegebene Konfliktsituation reagieren. Auf die sich entfaltenden Konflikttransformations-erfolge angewandte konstruktivistische Konzepte erlauben, wie gezeigt wurde, wertvolle Ein-sichten, welche ĂŒber jene die auf die klassischen ErklĂ€rungsansĂ€tze von Machtbalance und Interessenpolitik zurĂŒckfĂŒhrbar sind, hinausgehen.Emerging conflicts emanating from or involving a region bound together through an overarch-ing International Organization in most cases bring with them an implicit call on the latter to act in one way or the other. The intended and unintended impact of International Organiza-tions’ actions and omissions thus precipitated transform the conflict in question as a conse-quence. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the conflict transformation history of the Organization of American States (OAS) on the one, and of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on the other hand. Whereas the OAS’s approach proved to be pre-dominantly formal, legalistic, and factual, ASEAN followed a more indirect, albeit overall more holistic course. While the OAS was mostly confronted with disputes between two of its members and devel-oped various tools it tasked with bringing clarification and thus hoped-for de-escalation to the various conflicts, ASEAN abstained from claiming responsibility for handling mainly bilaterally conceivable conflicts but instead sought to integrate into its realm regional as well as extra-regional countries that were likely to cause serious controversies. Over the decades both IOs changed the strategy and general security policy they pursued. In the case of the OAS, the status human rights and democracy enjoyed among its members were increasingly seen as factors playing a significant role in the development of many con-flicts. Hence, various bodies and legal documents were established with the aim to monitor and safeguard democratic governance and the protection of human rights in the western hemisphere. In contrast the ASEAN realized that regional and global confrontations are best averted by engaging the countries with considerable interests in the southeast Asian area. Thus ASEAN pursued a twofold approach: it undertook to establish a number of cooperation platforms with the goal to create increasing confidence among its participants located in- and outside of the Association; internally, ASEAN fervently endeavoured to speed up the realization of its found-ing-father’s original vision of One Southeast Asia, bringing all countries under its fold; this despite considerable worldwide criticism to such moves. While both regional entities showed a predictable inclination to ameliorate conflictive situa-tions, each of them evolved a distinct style of tackling approaching disputes. As elaborated the mode and methods developed were – at least partly – conditioned on the Organizations’ un-derlying normative and ideational structures. Shared ideas and knowledge as well as overlaps in identities play a critical role if it comes to establish what constitutes a threat in the first place or how security is to be defined. Such understandings about the world and about oneself then feed directly into the way IOs react to a given conflict situation. As was demonstrated, constructivist thought applied to the unfolded conflict transformational performance delivers valuable insights which go well beyond those derive

    GVSU Press Releases, 1974

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    A compilation of press releases for the year 1974 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University

    Regenerative Circularity for the Built Environment – A Positive Impact Framework for Urban Transitions

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    The detrimental impacts of human activities on social and ecological systems are increasingly evident, with cities and their inefficient built environment (BE) stock being significant contributors. Neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools (NSATs) have been developed by the BE sector for new precincts; however, many have limitations and adopt linear approaches unsuitable for complex urban areas. While the circular economy (CE) model has gained global attention, its integration into NSATs remains limited. This thesis adopts a cross-pollination perspective, combining the CE model with regenerative design concepts. Through inductive content analysis, the 'Regenerative Circularity for the Built Environment' (RC4BE) conceptual model is proposed. Based on this model, a framework is developed to support the positive impact-based transition of existing urban precincts and neighbourhoods. To explore current green practices, six ecological urban developments across three continents were studied. Surveys and semi-structured interviews with over 150 BE professionals examined their practices and perceptions of regenerative and circular approaches. A 2-round Delphi consultation with 31 international experts validated a set of five themes, 26 categories, and 136 criteria derived from literature and previous stages. This informed the design of a mixed performance-based and maturity model assessment framework with four different evaluation components. The findings suggest shortcomings in existing NSATs and green precincts, while experts express a desire to improve their practises. The resulting RC4BE framework provides a flexible, systemic approach that is adaptable to different contexts while also empowering various urban players. It serves as a platform for citizen-led community improvements towards positive impacts. This thesis contributes to the development of sustainable cities by presenting a unique framework that incorporates circular and regenerative design concepts. It goes beyond traditional approaches to sustainability by emphasising neighbourhood-scale transformations and recognising the critical role of local communities. Along with environmental and economic issues, social factors as community participation and equity are considered. The framework's holistic, process-based approach recognises the interdependence of urban systems. By involving BE practitioners and stakeholders, a more inclusive, realistic implementation is ensured, boosting real-world relevance and impact

    GVSU Press Releases, 1970

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    A compilation of press releases for the year 1970 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University

    The Iowa Official Register, 1903

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    The Iowa Official Register, commonly known as the "Redbook," serves as a biographical and historical record of Iowa's leaders, government and people

    GVSU Press Releases, 1969

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    A compilation of press releases for the year 1969 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University
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