Asymptotic problems and numerical schemes for traffic flows with unilateral constraints describing the formation of jams

International audienceWe discuss numerical strategies to deal with PDE systems describing traffic flows, taking into account a density threshold, which restricts the vehicles density in the situation of congestion. These models are obtained through asymptotic arguments. Hence, we are interested in the simulation of approached models that contain stiff terms and large speeds of propagation. We design schemes intended to apply with relaxed stability conditions

Self-Organized Hydrodynamics with congestion and path formation in crowds

A continuum model for self-organized dynamics is numerically investigated. The model describes systems of particles subject to alignment interaction and short-range repulsion. It consists of a non-conservative hyperbolic system for the density and velocity orientation. Short-range repulsion is included through a singular pressure which becomes infinite at the jamming density. The singular limit of infinite pressure stiffness leads to phase transitions from compressible to incompressible dynamics. The paper proposes an Asymptotic-Preserving scheme which takes care of the singular pressure while preventing the breakdown of the CFL stability condition near congestion. It relies on a relaxation approximation of the system and an elliptic formulation of the pressure equation. Numerical simulations of impinging clusters show the efficiency of the scheme to treat congestions. A two-fluid variant of the model provides a model of path formation in crowds

Modélisation et simulations numériques pour des systèmes de la mécanique des fluides avec contraintes; application à la biologie et au trafic routier

The works presented in this thesis are devoted to the study of partial differential equations systems (PDE). In particular, we are interested in constrained systems coming from the fluid mechanics field which allow to described, in time and space, physical quantities such as density or speed. In this context, we build models for biology which are then numerically tested. We also present an original numerical method for a road traffic model.In the first part, using the theory of mixtures, we model the development of a photosynthetic micro-algae biofilm. The growth of micro-algae is precisely described by taking into account their composition and their access to nutrients dissolved in the surrounding liquid and light. Then, using numerical simulations, we estimate the biofilm productivity.In the second part, using the mixture theory we propose a model describing the rheology of the large intestine and its mucus layer. Thanks to this model we can give an accurate description of the velocity field induced by intestinal flow. This velocity field will then be used to build a modeldescribing precisely interactions between the intestinal microbiota, the gastric broth and the host. For these two models numerical schemes are proposed and allow a first validation of the models.The last part is devoted to developing an asymptotic preserving scheme for the constraint Aw-Rascle system for road traffic. We present an explicit-implicit method based on a splitting technique in order to approximate the solutions of Aw-Rascle system with constraint, while relaxing the stability condition (CFL).Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont consacrés à l’étude de systèmes d’équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP). En particulier, nous nous intéressons à des systèmes issus de la mécanique des fluides avec contraintes, qui permettent de décrire de manière continue, en temps et en espace, des quantités physiques telles que la densité ou la vitesse. Dans ce cadre, nous construisons des modèles pour la biologie, qu’ensuite nous testons numériquement. Nous proposons également avec des méthodes similaires une approche numérique originale pour un système de trafic routier.Dans une première partie, à l’aide de la théorie des mélanges, nous modélisons le développement d’un biofilm de micro-algues photosynthétiques. La croissance des micro-algues y est précisément décrite, en tenant compte de leur composition et de l’accès aux nutriments dissouts, contenus dans le liquide environnant ainsi que de la lumière. Puis, à l’aide de simulations numériques, nous estimons la productivité du biofilm.Dans la seconde partie, en utilisant la théorie des mélanges, nous proposons un modèle permettant de décrire la rhéologie du gros intestin et de sa couche de mucus. Grâce à ce modèle, nous donnerons une description précise du champ de vitesse, induit par le flux intestinal. Puis, ce champ de vitesse sera utilisé pour construire un modèle décrivant les interactions entre le microbiote intestinal, le bouillon gastrique et l’hôte. Pour ces deux modèles, un schéma numérique est proposé et permet une première validation.Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à l’élaboration d’un schéma asymptotic preserving pour le système de trafic routier d’Aw-Rascle avec contrainte. Nous y présentons une méthode explicite-implicite basée sur une technique de splitting permettant d’approcher les solutions du systèmed’Aw-Rascle avec contrainte, tout en réduisant la contrainte de stabilité (CFL)

Control Problems for Conservation Laws with Traffic Applications

Conservation and balance laws on networks have been the subject of much research interest given their wide range of applications to real-world processes, particularly traffic flow. This open access monograph is the first to investigate different types of control problems for conservation laws that arise in the modeling of vehicular traffic. Four types of control problems are discussed - boundary, decentralized, distributed, and Lagrangian control - corresponding to, respectively, entrance points and tolls, traffic signals at junctions, variable speed limits, and the use of autonomy and communication. Because conservation laws are strictly connected to Hamilton-Jacobi equations, control of the latter is also considered. An appendix reviewing the general theory of initial-boundary value problems for balance laws is included, as well as an appendix illustrating the main concepts in the theory of conservation laws on networks

Control Problems for Conservation Laws with Traffic Applications

Conservation and balance laws on networks have been the subject of much research interest given their wide range of applications to real-world processes, particularly traffic flow. This open access monograph is the first to investigate different types of control problems for conservation laws that arise in the modeling of vehicular traffic. Four types of control problems are discussed - boundary, decentralized, distributed, and Lagrangian control - corresponding to, respectively, entrance points and tolls, traffic signals at junctions, variable speed limits, and the use of autonomy and communication. Because conservation laws are strictly connected to Hamilton-Jacobi equations, control of the latter is also considered. An appendix reviewing the general theory of initial-boundary value problems for balance laws is included, as well as an appendix illustrating the main concepts in the theory of conservation laws on networks

Generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature and applications

A simple numerical method for constructing the optimal generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas will be presented. These formulas exist in many cases in which real positive GaussKronrod formulas do not exist, and can be used as an adequate alternative in order to estimate the error of a Gaussian rule. We also investigate the conditions under which the optimal averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas and their truncated variants are internal

MS FT-2-2 7 Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature: Theory, computation, and applications

Quadrature rules find many applications in science and engineering. Their analysis is a classical area of applied mathematics and continues to attract considerable attention. This seminar brings together speakers with expertise in a large variety of quadrature rules. It is the aim of the seminar to provide an overview of recent developments in the analysis of quadrature rules. The computation of error estimates and novel applications also are described