147,500 research outputs found
Fault-Tolerance of Robust Feed-Forward Architecture Using Single-Ended and Differential Deep-Submicron Circuits Under Massive Defect Density
An assessment of the fault-tolerance properties of single-ended and differential signaling is shown in the context of a high defect density environment, using a robust error-absorbing circuit architecture. A software tool based on Monte-Carlo simulations is used for the reliability analysis of the examined logic families. A benefit of the differential circuit over standard single-ended is shown in case of complex systems. Moreover, analysis of reliability of different circuits and discussion on the optimal granularity of redundant blocks was made
An Approach to Select Cost-Effective Risk Countermeasures Exemplified in CORAS
Risk is unavoidable in business and risk management is needed amongst others
to set up good security policies. Once the risks are evaluated, the next step
is to decide how they should be treated. This involves managers making
decisions on proper countermeasures to be implemented to mitigate the risks.
The countermeasure expenditure, together with its ability to mitigate risks, is
factors that affect the selection. While many approaches have been proposed to
perform risk analysis, there has been less focus on delivering the prescriptive
and specific information that managers require to select cost-effective
countermeasures. This paper proposes a generic approach to integrate the cost
assessment into risk analysis to aid such decision making. The approach makes
use of a risk model which has been annotated with potential countermeasures,
estimates for their cost and effect. A calculus is then employed to reason
about this model in order to support decision in terms of decision diagrams. We
exemplify the instantiation of the generic approach in the CORAS method for
security risk analysis.Comment: 33 page
Information sharing performance management: a semantic interoperability assessment in the maritime surveillance domain
Information Sharing (IS) is essential for organizations to obtain information in a cost-effective way. If the
existing information is not shared among the organizations that hold it, the alternative is to develop the necessary
capabilities to acquire, store, process and manage it, which will lead to duplicated costs, especially unwanted if
governmental organizations are concerned. The European Commission has elected IS among public administrations
as a priority, has launched several IS initiatives, such as the EUCISE2020 project within the roadmap for developing the maritime Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE), and has defined the levels of interoperability essential
for IS, which entail Semantic Interoperability (SI). An open question is how can IS performance be managed?
Specifically, how can IS as-is, and to-be states and targets be defined, and how can organizations progress be
monitored and controlled? In this paper, we propose 11 indicators for assessing SI that contribute to answering these
questions. They have been demonstrated and evaluated with the data collected through a questionnaire, based on the
CISE information model proposed during the CoopP project, which was answered by five public authorities that require
maritime surveillance information and are committed to share information with each other.Postprint (published version
Guide to Streamlining Series: Making Streamlining Stick
You have decided to streamline your grantmaking process -- congratulations! Your organization could be just beginning to explore ways to make your application and reporting requirements less burdensome to grantees. Or you might have a team deeply engaged in a change process already. This framework illustrates the four basic phases that many grantmakers move through as they streamline and suggests activities and questions that can propel your process forward
Environmental Racism and Biased Methods of Risk Assessment
Based on analysis of a risk assessment for a proposed Louisiana uranium enrichment facility, the authors argue that environmental injustice occurs when assessors\u27 scientific methods cause de facto discrimination
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Modeling software design diversity
Design diversity has been used for many years now as a means of achieving a degree of fault tolerance in software-based systems. Whilst there is clear evidence that the approach can be expected to deliver some increase in reliability compared with a single version, there is not agreement about the extent of this. More importantly, it remains difficult to evaluate exactly how reliable a particular diverse fault-tolerant system is. This difficulty arises because assumptions of independence of failures between different versions have been shown not to be tenable: assessment of the actual level of dependence present is therefore needed, and this is hard. In this tutorial we survey the modelling issues here, with an emphasis upon the impact these have upon the problem of assessing the reliability of fault tolerant systems. The intended audience is one of designers, assessors and project managers with only a basic knowledge of probabilities, as well as reliability experts without detailed knowledge of software, who seek an introduction to the probabilistic issues in decisions about design diversity
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