28 research outputs found

    Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis

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    The accelerating power of deep learning in diagnosing diseases will empower physicians and speed up decision making in clinical environments. Applications of modern medical instruments and digitalization of medical care have generated enormous amounts of medical images in recent years. In this big data arena, new deep learning methods and computational models for efficient data processing, analysis, and modeling of the generated data are crucially important for clinical applications and understanding the underlying biological process. This book presents and highlights novel algorithms, architectures, techniques, and applications of deep learning for medical image analysis

    Identificação de estertores em sons respiratórios utilizando transformada wavelet e análise de discriminante linear

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    Crackles are adventitious and discontinuous breath sounds that occur in lung diseases. Time domain parameters classify the crackles as fine, medium, and coarse, and may have positive or negative polarity. This work investigates methods and tools to characterize and classify crackles. Samples of breath sounds containing crackles were normalized and resampled at 8 kHz. Several experiments using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and k-NN have been performed, and evaluated with ROC analysis. A pattern recognition system was implemented with DWT, LDA and k-NN to classify fine and coarse crackles, and normal breath sounds. The experiment with different signal border extension methods during DWT decomposition showed the influence on the results of the characterization. The results indicate that the methods ZPD, SP0, SYMH, SYMW, ASYMH, PPD and PER are recommended, while SP1 and ASYMW methods are not recommended for the decomposition and characterization of crackles because they generate different characteristics in the higher subbands. Another experiment showed that the characterization of crackles using DWT can be made using certain decomposition subbands (D3, D4, and D5 with signal sampled at 8 kHz), thus reducing the computational effort. Another classification system implemented using LDA and DWT showed that crackles can be classified by their polarity indicating a high degree of accuracy (AUC rate up to 0.9943 for Symlet 19). Two experiments were conducted for mother-wavelet selection that best characterizes crackles. The first one quantitatively evaluated the similarity between the crackle and several mother-wavelets using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mother-wavelet that resulted a strong correlation with the crackles, being most indicated for use were: Reverse Biorthogonal 3.7, 5.5 Biorthogonal Reverse, Reverse Biorthogonal 3.5, Daubechies 5, Symlet 5, Daubechies 6, 7, and Symlet Daubechies 7. The second experiment selected mother-wavelets by the power concentration in subbands. Previous trials already shown that the energy of the crackles decomposed by DWT are concentrated in a few subbands, so mothers-wavelet that concentrate larger percentage of the energy in a specific subband were selected, which were Daubechies 7, Symlet 7, Coiflet 3 and Symlet 12. The final experiment performed was a combination of mother-wavelets to improve the separability of crackles and normal breath sounds. The experiment showed that a classification system using DWT, LDA, and a linear classifier may totally separate the two classes (AUC ratio = 1) when the combination of mother-wavelets to generate the feature vector of the signals is used.CAPESEstertores são sons respiratórios adventícios e descontínuos que ocorrem em patologias pulmonares. Parâmetros no domínio do tempo classificam os estertores como finos, médios e grossos, e podem ter polaridade positiva ou negativa. Este trabalho investiga métodos e ferramentas para caracterizar e classificar estertores. Amostras de sons respiratórios contendo estertores foram normalizadas e reamostradas em 8 kHz. Foram realizados diversos ensaios utilizando a transformada wavelet discreta (DWT) e a análise de discriminante linear (LDA), e avaliados com análise ROC. Um sistema de reconhecimento de padrões foi implementado com DWT, LDA e k-NN para classificar estertores finos, grossos e sons respiratórios normais. O ensaio com diferentes métodos de extensão de borda do sinal durante a decomposição DWT mostrou a influência nos resultados da caracterização. Os resultados indicam que os métodos ZPD, SP0, SYMH, SYMW, ASYMH, PPD e PER são recomendados, enquanto que os métodos SP1 e ASYMW não são recomendados para a decomposição e caracterização de estertores, pois geram características diferentes nas sub-bandas mais altas. Outro ensaio mostrou que a caracterização dos estertores utilizando DWT pode ser feita utilizando-se algumas sub-bandas de decomposição (D3, D4 e D5, no caso de sinais amostrados em 8 kHz), reduzindo-se desta forma o esforço computacional. Outro sistema de classificação implementado utilizando DWT e LDA mostrou que os estertores podem ser classificados indicando a polaridade com elevado grau de acerto (AUC de até 0,9943 para Symlet 19). Dois ensaios foram realizados para seleção da wavelet-mãe que melhor caracterize estertores. O primeiro ensaio avaliou quantitativamente a semelhança entre o estertor e diversas wavelets-mães através do índice de correlação de Pearson. As wavelets-mães que resultaram uma forte correlação com o estertores, se mostrando mais indicadas para serem utilizadas, foram: Reverse Biorthogonal 3.7, Reverse Biorthogonal 5.5, Reverse Biorthogonal 3.5, Daubechies 5, Symlet 5, Daubechies 6, Symlet 7 e Daubechies 7. O segundo ensaio selecionou a wavelet-mãe pela concentração de energia nas sub-bandas. Ensaios anteriores já mostravam que a energia dos estertores decompostos pela DWT se concentra em poucas sub-bandas, então foram selecionadas wavelets-mães que concentrassem maior porcentagem da energia em uma sub-banda específica, que foram: Daubechies 7, Symlet 7, Coiflet 3 e Symlet 12. O último ensaio realizado foi uma combinação de wavelets-mães para melhorar a separabilidade de estertores e sons respiratórios normais. O ensaio mostrou que um sistema de classificação utilizando DWT, LDA e um classificador linear pode separar totalmente as duas classes (índice AUC = 1) quando é utilizada a combinação de wavelets-mães para gerar o vetor de características dos sinais

    Proceedings of ICMMB2014

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    Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 353)

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    This bibliography lists 238 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System in August 1991. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, biotechnology, human factors engineering, and flight crew behavior and performance

    Life Sciences Program Tasks and Bibliography

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    This document includes information on all peer reviewed projects funded by the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications, Life Sciences Division during fiscal year 1995. Additionally, this inaugural edition of the Task Book includes information for FY 1994 programs. This document will be published annually and made available to scientists in the space life sciences field both as a hard copy and as an interactive Internet web pag

    Life Sciences Program Tasks and Bibliography for FY 1996

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    This document includes information on all peer reviewed projects funded by the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications, Life Sciences Division during fiscal year 1996. This document will be published annually and made available to scientists in the space life sciences field both as a hard copy and as an interactive Internet web page

    Texture and Colour in Image Analysis

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    Research in colour and texture has experienced major changes in the last few years. This book presents some recent advances in the field, specifically in the theory and applications of colour texture analysis. This volume also features benchmarks, comparative evaluations and reviews
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