163,235 research outputs found
Developing an inter-enterprise alignment maturity model: research challenges and solutions
Business-IT alignment is pervasive today, as organizations strive to achieve competitive advantage. Like in other areas, e.g., software development, maintenance and IT services, there are maturity models to assess such alignment. Those models, however, do not specifically address the aspects needed for achieving alignment between business and IT in inter-enterprise settings. In this paper, we present the challenges we face in the development of an inter-enterprise alignment maturity model, as well as the current solutions to counter these problems
CEPS Task Force on Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Technology, Governance and Policy Challenges Task Force Evaluation of the HLEG Trustworthy AI Assessment List (Pilot Version). CEPS Task Force Report 22 January 2020
The Centre for European Policy Studies launched a Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
Cybersecurity in September 2019. The goal of this Task Force is to bring attention to the market,
technical, ethical and governance challenges posed by the intersection of AI and cybersecurity,
focusing both on AI for cybersecurity but also cybersecurity for AI. The Task Force is multi-stakeholder
by design and composed of academics, industry players from various sectors, policymakers and civil
society.
The Task Force is currently discussing issues such as the state and evolution of the application of AI
in cybersecurity and cybersecurity for AI; the debate on the role that AI could play in the dynamics
between cyber attackers and defenders; the increasing need for sharing information on threats and
how to deal with the vulnerabilities of AI-enabled systems; options for policy experimentation; and
possible EU policy measures to ease the adoption of AI in cybersecurity in Europe.
As part of such activities, this report aims at assessing the High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) on AI Ethics
Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, presented on April 8, 2019. In particular, this report analyses and
makes suggestions on the Trustworthy AI Assessment List (Pilot version), a non-exhaustive list aimed
at helping the public and the private sector in operationalising Trustworthy AI. The list is composed
of 131 items that are supposed to guide AI designers and developers throughout the process of
design, development, and deployment of AI, although not intended as guidance to ensure
compliance with the applicable laws. The list is in its piloting phase and is currently undergoing a
revision that will be finalised in early 2020.
This report would like to contribute to this revision by addressing in particular the interplay between
AI and cybersecurity. This evaluation has been made according to specific criteria: whether and how
the items of the Assessment List refer to existing legislation (e.g. GDPR, EU Charter of Fundamental
Rights); whether they refer to moral principles (but not laws); whether they consider that AI attacks
are fundamentally different from traditional cyberattacks; whether they are compatible with
different risk levels; whether they are flexible enough in terms of clear/easy measurement,
implementation by AI developers and SMEs; and overall, whether they are likely to create obstacles
for the industry.
The HLEG is a diverse group, with more than 50 members representing different stakeholders, such
as think tanks, academia, EU Agencies, civil society, and industry, who were given the difficult task of
producing a simple checklist for a complex issue. The public engagement exercise looks successful
overall in that more than 450 stakeholders have signed in and are contributing to the process.
The next sections of this report present the items listed by the HLEG followed by the analysis and
suggestions raised by the Task Force (see list of the members of the Task Force in Annex 1)
Alat pemungut tandan kelapa sawit darjah kebebasan
Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman yang menyumbang kepada industri penghasilan minyak di dunia seperti minyak masak, minyak industri, dan minyak bahan bakar (biodiesal). Pulangan dari sektor pertanian khususnya kelapa sawit sangat menguntungkan. Kini ramai petani telah bertukar ke tanaman kelapa sawit. Indonesia merupakan pengeluar minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia [1]. Dengan terdapatnya pembukaan ladang sawit secara besar-besaran maka banyaklah syarikat-syarikat pertanian mula mencipta alat atau mesin yang baik untuk mencepatkan proses memetik dan mengeluarkan sawit dari ladang. Namun alatan yang lebih mesra pengguna dilihat tidak dipandang serius. Atas isu ini timbul idea mencipta alat pemungut tandan kelapa sawit darjah kebebasan. Semua sedia maklum untuk mengeluarkan sawit dari ladang perlunya meletakan tandan sawit ke dalam kereta sorong terlebih dahulu.Untuk meletakan sawit ke dalam kereta sorong T-shape palm fruit shank diperlukan. Pekebun akan mengangkat sawit yang telah dipetik dari pokok menggunakan alatan tersebut.Tanpa disedari alatan ini membahayakan pekebun dan membebankan. Pekebun memerlukan tenaga yang banyak untuk mengangkat tandan sawit yang amat berat ke dalam kereta sorong. Selain itu, mengangkat bebanan yang berat dalam kuantiti yang banyak menyebabkan sakit dibahagian tulang belakang pekebun. Di samping itu, mata alat yang tajam dan terdedah meningkatkan risiko kecederaan pekebun. Duri pada buah sawit juga bahaya pada pekebun
Sustainable Development Report: Blockchain, the Web3 & the SDGs
This is an output paper of the applied research that was conducted between July 2018 - October 2019 funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and conducted by the Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business and RCE Vienna (Regional Centre of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development).Series: Working Paper Series / Institute for Cryptoeconomics / Interdisciplinary Researc
Institutional transplant and American corporate governance: the case of Ferodyn
This paper examines the relationship between employment relations and American corporate governance using the case of Ferodyn*. In response to difficult industry conditions and sagging performance, American-owned Landis* Steel Corporation and Japanese-owned Daiichi* Steel Corporation jointly financed and built Ferodyn, a state-of-the-art high quality steel finishing facility. Although the joint venture was extremely successful in terms of quality, productivity and industrial relations, it came under severe stress from both external and internal pressures. Ferodynâs success was moderated by the market in that it was never able to extract a price premium for the quality of steel it produced. At the same time, pressures in the form of corporate governance and the parent / subsidiary relationship were substantial. Institutional investor demands for improvements in short run shareholder value ultimately resulted in the sale of Landis to Maxi-metal*, a global steel conglomerate, committed to a strategy of minimising costs. In this case, the organ transplant provides a useful metaphor: Ferodyn was like a strong and healthy âorgan transplantâ in a weak and ailing corporate âbody.â So long as there were buffers in place to protect it from rejection by its host, Ferodyn could prosper, giving rise to exceptionally high labour standards and quality of life for its employees. In effect, the American system of corporate governance and the nature of power relations in the corporation created antigens that weakened both Landisâs ability to support the joint venture and Ferodynâs ability to survive in an alien and hostile corporate, industry and macro-economic environment.
* Ferodyn, Landis, Daiichi and Maxi-metal are fictitious names
Study on the Support Systems for Corporate Governance
The problems generated by the information asymmetry within the agency relationships at corporation level, governments and capital markets led to a higher necessity for corporate governance (CG). The information system of corporate governance is a very complex one, which involves a series of actors, decision-making and transactional processes, technologies, procedures and good practice codes. In order to ensure the efficiency and efficacy of corporate governance as a premise for increasing companyâs performance and position consolidation for the company on the capital market, it is necessary to analyze the way information technology could contribute to this undertaking. The purpose of this study is to analyze the architecture of the corporate governance systems and to identify and classify the systems and technologies involved in ensuring CG support in order to underlie the basis for developing a conceptual model for a hybrid and collaborative support system for corporate governance.Corporate Governance, Support Systems, Information Technology, Decision-Making, Performance
Democracy and Digital Authoritarianism: An Assessment of the EUâs External Engagement in the Promotion and Protection of Internet Freedom. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 01/2020
The past decade has seen a gradual global increase in digital authoritarianism. Internet shutdowns, online censorship, mass surveillance and violations of privacy rights have all become more frequent in parts of the world where citizens are not guaranteed sufficient digital rights. The task of defending, promoting and protecting internet freedom is becoming increasingly relevant for the European Union (EU) â for internal digital and cybersecurity policies as well as for the EUâs external promotion of democracy and human rights. Whilst much has been written about the various internal policies which establish and protect internet freedom within the European Union and its member states, the EUâs external engagement in this field remains critically under-researched. To what extent does the EU engage externally in the promotion and protection of internet freedom? This paper answers this question by covering a wide variety of policy fields including human rights and democracy promotion, digital policy, enlargement and neighbourhood policy, development cooperation and trade policy. Whereas the EU faces a limited opportunity to shape global norms with regard to internet freedom or to change the course of digitally authoritarian states, it has demonstrated several strengths which deserve not to be overlooked. These include, for example, the externalisation of internal data protection and policies and the provision of direct support and protection for civil society. Despite facing significant obstacles, the promotion and protection of internet freedom has become an important area of the EUâs external action which is only set to become more relevant in the coming years
Sustainable Development Report: Blockchain, the Web3 & the SDGs
This is an output paper of the applied research that was conducted between July 2018 - October 2019 funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and conducted by the Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business and RCE Vienna (Regional Centre of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development).Series: Working Paper Series / Institute for Cryptoeconomics / Interdisciplinary Researc
Monitoring bank performance in the presence of risk
This paper proposes a managerial control tool
that integrates risk in efficiency measures. Building on
existing efficiency specifications, our proposal reflects the
real banking technology and accurately models the relationship
between desirable and undesirable outputs. Specifically,
the undesirable output is defined as nonperforming
loans to capture credit risk, and is linked only
to the relevant dimension of the output set. We empirically
illustrate how our efficiency measure functions for managerial
control purposes. The application considers a unique
dataset of Costa Rican banks during 1998â2012. Resultsâ
implications are mostly discussed at bank-level, and their
interpretations are enhanced by using accounting ratios.
We also show the usefulness of our tool for corporate
governance by examining performance changes around
executive turnover. Our findings confirm that appointing
CEOs from outside the bank is associated with significantly
higher performance ex post executive turnover, thus suggesting
the potential benefits of new organisational
practices.Peer ReviewedPostprint (authorâs final draft
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