Evaluating the impact of caching on the energy consumption and performance of progressive web apps

Context. Since today mobile devices have limited battery life, the energy consumption of the software running on them can play a strong role with respect to the success of mobile-based businesses. Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) are built using common web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and are commonly used for providing a better user experience to mobile users. Caching is the main technique used by PWA developers for optimizing network usage and for providing a meaningful experience even when the user's device is offline. Goal. This paper aims at assessing the impact of caching on both the energy consumption and performance of PWAs. Method. We conducted an empirical experiment targeting 9 real PWAs developed by third-party developers. The experiment is designed as a 1 factor-2 treatments study, with the usage of caching as the single factor and the status of the cache as treatments (empty vs populated cache). The response variables of the experiment are (i) the energy consumption of the mobile device and (ii) the page load time of the PWAs. The experiment is executed on a real Android device running the Mozilla Firefox browser. Results. Our results show that PWAs do not consume significantly different amounts of energy when loaded either with an empty or populated cache. However, the page load time of PWAs is significantly lower when the cache is already populated, with a medium effect size. Conclusions. This study confirms that PWAs are promising in terms of energy consumption and provides evidence that caching can be safely exploited by PWA developers concerned with energy consumption. The study provides also empirical evidence that caching is an effective technique for improving the user experience in terms of page loading time of PWAs

STUDI LITERATUR PENGEMBANGAN E-COMMERCE SEKOLAH MENGGUNAKAN PROGRESSIVE WEB APPS (PWA)

E-Commerce adalah platform yang banyak di kembangkana di berbagai sektor perekomonian terdapat perbedaan antara e-commerce dan market place. Kombinasi antara digital ecommerce dengan pendidikan diharapkan minimal mendapat pengalaman pembelajaran pada pengguna dalam berpartisipasi dalam transaksi digital. Dalam pengembangan e-commerce tidak lah mudah pengingat suatu system dengan data produk yang banyak dan model transaksi yang harus aman. Masalah leg dan keadaan internet indonesia jika suatu platform jika termuat banyak data akan menyebabkan respon system yang lama. PWA adalah teknik untuk pengembangan aplikasi agar tetap stabil jika sedang low connection dan sampai offline dengan catatan user pernah berkunjung ke dalam platform. Dengan model programming yang modern metode dengan bahasa pemrograman react.js, react native, vue.js  dan lain sebagainya memanfaatkan fungsi service-worker dan app.js untuk mensupport pengembangan Progressif web apps (PWA). Dari artikel ini didapati beberapa kesimpulan yaitu kecepatan dalam memuat data dari 12 jurnal yang di angkat dalam artikel ini kecepatan penggunaan pwa 11 dari 12 jurnal menunjukkan hasil positif dengan peningkatan kecepatan pada system. menyesuaikan dengan ukuran  berkas dan cache yang digunakan serta frekuensi pengaksessan halaman aplikasi pada ukuran berkas dan cache yang kecil pada pengembangan PWA di bandingkan native tanpa PWA dalam data pada jurnal yang di analisa pada gambar 14 menunjukkan 93,75 dari 100 nilai maksimal dari sisi penyimpanan. sedangkan pada ukuran berkas dan cache yang cukup besar pwa mampu mengungguli. untuk performa terkait pengguanaan memori pwa lebih sedikit karena ada nya tambahan pada pwa service worker sehingga dapat memecah proses dan berkibat meningkatnya kecepatan akses pada sistem web

Dawning of Progressive Web Applications (PWA): Edging Out the Pitfalls of Traditional Mobile Development

Over the years, there has been a constant increase in the demand for mobile software due to the constant increase in the number of smart phones. Mobile developers have the liberty to adopt different development architectures or strategies which includes the native app, mobile web app, hybrid app and the new Progressive Web App (PWA). PWA which combines the features of the native and web development strategies emerged as a better alternative to other development approaches due to additional benefits such as offline capability, background synchronization and so on despite several concerns that have been raised towards the efficiency of PWAs. Hence, this research work aims at performing a comparative study on the existing mobile development architectures using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique, performing feature comparison on the native, hybrid and PWA architecture and finally argues for the PWA development architecture based on the comparisons. The comparison will aid researchers and development firm in understanding the concept of PWA thereby motivating them to adopt this strategy for further development

A Systematic Literature Review on Progressive Web Application Practice and Challenges

This research aims to establish a knowledge of Progressive Web Application (PWA) method practices based on published empirical investigation, the problems that the PWA method may face, and the PWA method's approach to experimental studies. We also looked for PWA practices that might address the issues with the prior method. We performed a broad, automated search to find SLRs and 43 papers published from 1 January 2015 to 6 November 2021 that discuss PWA. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to determine which relevant studies we used for our research purposes. The review identified 31 practices of PWA, Six challenges of the previous approach of mobile application development that get resolved by PWA, and seven challenges posed by the practice of PWA. PWA was introduced in 2015, and since 2017 the studies on PWA topics have started increasing. The distribution of studies based on nations is spread evenly. 74\% of selected studies are about the practice of the PWA. Although it cannot be generalized that the PWA approach handles the challenge of the previous method, some studies reported that PWA covers the problems of the previous methods. However, despite its benefits, PWA still has some challenges, mostly related to browser support

Investigating the Correlation between Performance Scores and Energy Consumption of Mobile Web Apps

Context. Developers have access to tools like Google Lighthouse to assess the performance of web apps and to guide the adoption of development best practices. However, when it comes to energy consumption of mobile web apps, these tools seem to be lacking. Goal. This study investigates on the correlation between the performance scores produced by Lighthouse and the energy consumption of mobile web apps. Method. We design and conduct an empirical experiment where 21 real mobile web apps are (i) analyzed via the Lighthouse performance analysis tool and (ii) measured on an Android device running a software-based energy profiler. Then, we statistically assess how energy consumption correlates with the obtained performance scores and carry out an effect size estimation. Results. We discover a statistically significant negative correlation between performance scores and the energy consumption of mobile web apps (with medium to large effect sizes), implying that an increase of the performance score tend to lead to a decrease of energy consumption. Conclusions. We recommend developers to strive to improve the performance level of their mobile web apps, as this can also have a positive impact on their energy consumption on Android devices

Step towards progressive web development in obstetrics

The aim of this paper is to develop a Personal Health Record (PHR) for the support of pregnant women. With this goal in mind, concepts such as PHR and their importance in the obstetrics field are overviewed, as well as mobile development strategies. The system was developed with the support of a medical institution and taking into account what pregnant women find useful. The developed app is a Progressive Web App (PWA). This is a recent technology that allows the same app to work on most devices, gives a native feel to it when using on mobile devices and enables offline support. Further testing is necessary to understand the impact that this system may have in the engagement of pregnant women and in birth outcomes.This work has been supported by Compete: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT within the Project ScopeUID/CEC/00319/2013

Progressive Web Apps: the Definite Approach to Cross-Platform Development?

Although development practices for apps have matured, cross-platform development remains a prominent topic. Typically, apps should always support both Android and iOS devices. They ought to run smoothly on various hardware, and be compatible with a host of platform versions. Additionally, device categories beyond smartphone and tablets have emerged, which makes multi-platform support even trickier. Truly developing an app once and serving the multitude of possible targets remains an issue despite having cross-platform frameworks that are acknowledged by practice and research. The technology unifier remains to be found, but Progressive Web Apps (PWA) might be a step towards it. In this paper, we analyse the foundations of PWAs in cross-platform development and scrutinize the status quo of current possibilities. Based on our observations, we investigate unified development, and discuss open questions. We seek to stimulate interest and narrow the immense gap that has arisen since industry started to embrace PWAs

Software Development for Mobile Computing, the Internet of Things and Wearable Devices: Inspecting the Past to Understand the Future

Currently a convergence in software development for mobile computing (including mobile devices and special technology such as wearables) and the Internet of Things (IoT) can be observed. Devices from the fields are becoming part of a joint ecosystem and share the same infrastructure. Moreover, development processes have changed and user requirements have become very heterogeneous. We have been studying this development for a while, also by offering the fitting HICSS minitrack. In this article, we look into the past of software development for mobile devices, in the context of IoT, and for wearables. We analyse joint characteristics and show differences. Then we invite to a discussion that leads to a research outlook. While neither for industry nor for academia the journey is over, the convergence of fields should offer many new possibilities, prevent problems we faced in the past, but also introduce novel challenges