ATEE Spring Conference 2020-2021

This book collects some of the works presented at ATEE Florence Spring Conference 2020-2021. The Conference, originally planned for May 2020, was forcefully postponed due to the dramatic insurgence of the pandemic. Despite the difficulties in this period, the Organising Committee decided anyway to keep it, although online and more than one year later, not to disperse the huge work of authors, mainly teachers, who had to face one of the hardest challenges in the last decades, in a historic period where the promotion of social justice and equal opportunities – through digital technologies and beyond – is a key factor for democratic citizenship in our societies. The Organising Committee, the University of Florence, and ATEE wish to warmly thank all the authors for their commitment and understanding, which ensured the success of the Conference. We hope this book could be, not only a witness of these pandemic times, but a hopeful sign for an equal and inclusive education in all countries

Full, hybrid and platform complementarity: Exploring the industry 4.0 technology-performance link

Literature has increasingly recognized that manufacturing companies should implement a synergic bundle of solutions to fully exploit the potential of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), rather than opting for a scattered technological adoption. Enabling I4.0 technologies, such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing, can be implemented through various combinations to achieve different impacts on a company's performance. But what are the possible ways of combining I4.0 technologies into bundles, and do these ways actually help to achieve a performance that outperforms the adoption of single technologies? This study aims to identify the potential patterns of the technological complementary of I4.0 by considering enabled applications and performance outcomes. We interviewed 13 Italian experts in the I4.0 field, and then combined the obtained information with secondary data collected from more than 150 I4.0 use cases, as well as from websites, reports and press releases. By adopting a systems theory lens, the results of the analysis have allowed us to identify the specific performance effects of both scattered and joint technological adoptions in different application areas. Interestingly, specific examples of I4.0 complementarities emerged, namely full, hybrid and platform complementarity. This study contributes to the growing research on I4.0 outcomes by extending the concept of technological complementary within the I4.0 context. Results show that bundles of technologies have a broader effect on performance than when the same technologies are adopted in isolation, but also that single technologies can impact specific applications and the overall performance of a firm via a systematic I4.0 transformation path

Scaffolding Reflection: Prompting Social Constructive Metacognitive Activity in Non-Formal Learning

The study explores the effects of three different types of non-adaptive, metacognitive scaffolding on social, constructive metacognitive activity and reflection in groups of non-formal learners. Six triads of non-formal learners were assigned randomly to one of the three scaffolding conditions: structuring, problematising or epistemological. The triads were then asked to collaboratively resolve an ill-structured problem and record their deliberations. Evidence from think-aloud protocols was analysed using conversational and discourse analysis. Findings indicate that epistemological scaffolds produced more social, constructive metacognitive activity than either of the two other scaffolding conditions in all metacognitive activities except for task orientation, as well as higher quality interactions during evaluation and reflection phases. However, participants appeared to be less aware of their activities as forming a strategic, self-regulatory response to the problem. This may indicate that for learning transfer, it may be necessary to employ an adaptive, facilitated reflection on learners' activities

A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Learning Analytics in Educational Games

Learning analytics (LA) in educational games is considered an emerging practice due to its potential of enhancing the learning process. Growing research on formative assessment has shed light on the ways in which students' meaningful and in-situ learning experiences can be supported through educational games. To understand learners' playful experiences during gameplay, researchers have applied LA, which focuses on understanding students' in-game behaviour trajectories and personal learning needs during play. However, there is a lack of studies exploring how further research on LA in educational games can be conducted. Only a few analyses have discussed how LA has been designed, integrated, and implemented in educational games. Accordingly, this systematic literature review examined how LA in educational games has evolved. The study findings suggest that: (1) there is an increasing need to consider factors such as student modelling, iterative game design and personalisation when designing and implementing LA through educational games; and (2) the use of LA creates several challenges from technical, data management and ethical perspectives. In addition to outlining these findings, this article offers important notes for practitioners, and discusses the implications of the study’s results

A new framework for the design and evaluation of a learning institution’s student engagement activities

In this article we explore the potential for attempts to encourage student engagement to be conceptualised as behaviour change activity, and specifically whether a new framework to guide such activity has potential value for the Higher Education (HE) sector. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) (Michie, Susan, Maartje M van Stralen, and Robert West. 2011. “The Behaviour Change Wheel: A New Method for Characterising and Designing Behaviour Change Interventions.” Implementation Science : IS 6 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-42) is a framework for the systematic design and development of behaviour change interventions. It has yet to be applied to the domain of student engagement. This article explores its potential, by assessing whether the BCW comprehensively aligns with the state of student engagement as currently presented in the HE literature. This work achieves two things. It firstly allows a prima facie assessment of whether student engagement activity can be readily aligned with the BCW framework. It also highlights omissions and prevalence of activity types in the HE sector, compared with other sectors where behaviour change practice is being successfully applied

Insights from Industry Leaders: A Maturity Model for Strengthening Communication Measurement and Evaluation

Much scholarship has been devoted to identifying barriers that prevent the advancement of communication measurement and evaluation. This research focuses on the characteristics, objectives, and practices of chief communication officers (CCOs) with successful measurement and evaluation programs. Three key dimensions of practice emerged from in-depth interviews: communication executives’ measurement practices and evaluation programs were used to adjust communication strategies; were aligned with other business units; and were integrated with business priority plans. Interviewees also focused on the ability of communication measurement practices and evaluation programs to provide insights for executives, to align communication with the work of other business units, and to connect the organization with the outside environment and stakeholders. This study extends strategic communication scholarship by discussing how overcoming barriers and advancing measurement and evaluation work relates to roles adopted by organizational leaders. This article also offers a preliminary, scalable maturity model that aids in the development, formalization, and optimization of strategic communication measurement and evaluation. This study demonstrates the capacity for communication evaluation to overcome perceived barriers, realize appropriate stature with organizations, and grow communication functions accordingly

What are the key multidimensional success criteria required for reducing LCOE through digital transformation in offshore wind farms?

Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke de flerdimensjonale suksesskriteriene som er avgjørende for å redusere energikostnaden også kjent som Levlized cost of Energy (LCOE) gjennom digital transformasjon innenfor offshore vind prosjekter. For å besvare problemstilling vil studien sette søkelys på fire underspørsmål som omhandler: (1) For å sikre operational excellence og tilpasning til FNs bærekraftsmål gjennom digital transformasjon: Hvilke suksessfaktorer må være på plass? (2) Er data tilgjengelig for bruk til den digital transformasjon? (3) Hvordan kan man muliggjør optimal Grid Integration av vindparken? (4) Kan man utnytte digitale verktøy for å redusere LCOE i en havvindpark? Studien fremhever den uunnværlige rollen av teknologi i form av digitale verktøy og data, som spiller som katalysatorer for å styrke operasjonell effektivitet og maksimere verdiskaping i offshore vindenergisektoren. Studien er gjennomført som kvalitativ Case-studier analyse i form av ti individuelle dybdeintervjuer med deltakere fra ulike selskaper i verdikjeden til offshore vind industri. Studien undersøker den betydelige påvirkningen FNs bærekraftsmål har på utviklingen av offshore vindprosjekter, samt den vitale rollen operational excellence har for å lykkes. Den vurderer om offshore vind industrien er klar for Industri 5.0, dens evne til å redusere LCOE, og dens innflytelse på sektorens fremtid. Funnene understreker betydningen av tilgjengelig data, optimalisert effektivitet, og bruk av sanntidsdata for å forbedre sikkerhet, bærekraft og effektiv energiproduksjon i vindparker. Videre dykker studien ned i implementeringen av digital transformasjon, og viser til hvordan digitale verktøy og automatisering, sammen med menneskelig inngripen, driver informert beslutningstaking. Funnene legger vekt på nødvendigheten av datasamarbeid, kunnskapsdeling, og kompetent personell for å fremme industriell vekst, samtidig som det opprettholdes en balanse mellom kompleksitet og kompetanse, og utforsker avansert digital tvilling-teknologi og hvordan det kan påvirke i redusering av LCOE. Studien tilbyr verdifull innsikt for interessenter og hjelper til med å håndtere utfordringer og muligheter i digital transformasjon av offshore vindparker. Den fremhever offshore vinindustriens avgjørende rolle i utviklingen av renere, effektive energisystemer, og støtter en bærekraftig og fremgangsrik fremtid.This purpose of this study is to thoroughly examine the multidimensional success criteria crucial in reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) through digital transformation within the context of offshore wind farm projects. To help answer the research question, this study will focus on four preliminary research questions: (1) To ensure Operational Excellence and Alignment with UN SDGs through Digital Transformation: What success factors need to be in place? (2) Is Data available to be used to enable Digital Transformation? (3) How do you enable optimal Grid Integration of the wind park? (4) Can you leverage digital tools to reduce LCOE in an offshore wind farm? The research spotlights the indispensable role of technology in form of digital tools and data, as catalysts for bolstering operational efficiency and maximizing value creation in the offshore wind energy sector. The study has been carried out as a qualitative case study analysis in the form of ten individual in-depth interviews with participants from various companies in the value chain of the offshore wind industry. The study investigates the substantial impact of United Nations (UN) sustainability goals on offshore wind project development and the vital role of operational excellence. It evaluates the industry's preparedness for Industry 5.0, its capacity to reduce LCOE, and its influence on the sector's future. The research and findings underscore the significance of accessible data, optimized efficiency, and real-time data utilization to enhance safety, sustainability, and energy production in wind farms. Additionally, the research delves into Industry 5.0's implementation, demonstrating how digital tools and automation, combined with human input, drive informed decision-making. The findings emphasize the necessity for data collaboration, knowledge sharing, and skilled personnel to foster industry growth while maintaining a balance between complexity and competence and explores advanced digital twin technology and how it can influence in reducing LCOE. The study offers valuable insights for stakeholders and aids in addressing challenges and opportunities in offshore wind farm digital transformation. It accentuates the offshore wind industry's pivotal role in advancing cleaner, efficient energy systems, promoting a sustainable and prosperous future

Impact in networks and ecosystems: building case studies that make a difference

open accessThis toolkit aims to support the building up of case studies that show the impact of project activities aiming to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. The case studies respond to the challenge of understanding what kinds of interventions work in the Southern African region, where, and why. The toolkit has a specific focus on entrepreneurial ecosystems and proposes a method of mapping out the actors and their relationships over time. The aim is to understand the changes that take place in the ecosystems. These changes are seen to be indicators of impact as increased connectivity and activity in ecosystems are key enablers of innovation. Innovations usually happen together with matching social and institutional adjustments, facilitating the translation of inventions into new or improved products and services. Similarly, the processes supporting entrepreneurship are guided by policies implemented in the common framework provided by innovation systems. Overall, policies related to systems of innovation are by nature networking policies applied throughout the socioeconomic framework of society to pool scarce resources and make various sectors work in coordination with each other. Most participating SAIS countries already have some kinds of identifiable systems of innovation in place both on national and regional levels, but the lack of appropriate institutions, policies, financial instruments, human resources, and support systems, together with underdeveloped markets, create inefficiencies and gaps in systemic cooperation and collaboration. In other words, we do not always know what works and what does not. On another level, engaging users and intermediaries at the local level and driving the development of local innovation ecosystems within which local culture, especially in urban settings, has evident impact on how collaboration and competition is both seen and done. In this complex environment, organisations supporting entrepreneurship and innovation often find it difficult to create or apply relevant knowledge and appropriate networking tools, approaches, and methods needed to put their processes to work for broader developmental goals. To further enable these organisations’ work, it is necessary to understand what works and why in a given environment. Enhanced local and regional cooperation promoted by SAIS Innovation Fund projects can generate new data on this little-explored area in Southern Africa. Data-driven knowledge on entrepreneurship and innovation support best practices as well as effective and efficient management of entrepreneurial ecosystems can support replication and inform policymaking, leading thus to a wider impact than just that of the immediate reported projects and initiatives