Quotidian Intimidation and Mussolini\u27s Special Tribunal in Istria and the Eastern Borderlands

The article examines the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State\u27s use of the no grounds to proceed ruling to intimidate anti-fascists and extend the fascist government\u27s power in the Adriatic borderlands. It demonstrates how the Tribunal\u27s judges used their sentencing prerogatives to support repression in Istria and cloak persecution in the mantel of legal action in defense of the state

Transformation of the urban fabric in Siena during fascism : Sventramento and Risanamento of Salicotto, formerly known as the Jewish Getto

The subject of this thesis is the transformation of the urban fabric in Siena at the time of early 20th century Italian Fascism. The investigation focuses on the transformation of the neighborhood of Salicotto, formerly known as the Jewish Ghetto, that began with the removal of inhabitants to the periphery of the city, the neighborhoods of Ravacciano and Valli and subsequent Sventramento, \u27disembowelment\u27 demolition of housing and urban fabric. The rubble from the demolished housing was transported to Campo del Rastrello and used as fill for a new stadium. The process continued with the replacement of the original housing with new, stylized reconstruction, Risanamento. The argument focuses on the historical, political, and cultural influences shaping this transformation; a comparative analysis of the concurrent transformations undertaken in Rome is used to substantiate the argument. The thesis seeks to illustrate that this intervention reflects and expresses the ideology of the Italian Fascist regime, influenced by the \u27myth of palingenesis\u27, adoration of strength, and rejection of weakness. It argues that during Sventraniento and Risanamento the Fascist leadership, at local and national level, incorporated the language developed by 19th century hygienists as a justification for this intervention. The neighborhood was treated as an as an entity that could be destroyed and regenerated in a way that emphasized heroism. At the same time the reconstruction served as a mnemonic device creating idealized version of the past

Physical education and sporting activity for women during the fascist era

This thesis aims to examine how much Fascism opened the way to female physical education and sport in Italy. Of course, by using all manner of available media, fascist propaganda had spread throughout the country and world the image of a strong nation of healthy sports people, including women. It also examines to possible effect of this female 'sportization' on women's emancipation in a country founded on traditional paternalistic values and hegemony. The massive sporting phenomenon during the fascist era has already been studied by scholars of Fascism in general, and also analysed in specific books on sport, but the emphasis has been on the more prominent male sector of which Chapter 2 gives a general outline. In contrast, the female sector, that was underrepresented in fascist times, constitutes an interesting field for further investigation. Chapter 3 portrays the previous situation in terms of female physical culture, starting from the pioneering Nineteenth Centruy; it tries to qualify and quantify the impact of Fascism on Italian women's sport. The following Chapers 4, 5 and 6 are broadly dedicated to this theme. They show that there existed different moral and even aesthetic model women, owning to an ambiguous policy which stressed maternity and, at the same time, demanded female engagement in society. During the fascist era, women had to move strictly within an old-fashioned framework designed by medicine and eugenics, religious and traditional education, while, on the other hand, the country aspired to modernity and had made a myth of sport. General female emancipation, which had been promised by the fascist revolution and was actually occurring in other industrialised nations, found it hard to advance under the regime because of male hegemonic trends in the country. However, the very engagement of women in s! ome sporting activity promoted and supported a gender emancipation, as will be demonstrated in the present work. Chapter 7 sums up what has been said in the previous chapters, and also shows that in the post-war period women found it hard to advance further on, for a number of reasons. As a matter of fact, their emancipation started successfully very late, due to the revolutionary 1968 that actively involved Italians in worldwide gender progress, which rocked tradition and habits

Volume 23

Habenera (Carmen) by Elena Gonzales / Field Independence and Inhibitory Motor Control by Elizabeth Granville / Living Homes: Residential Construction LEEDing Towards Sustainability by Tiffiny Hanks / A Paradox: The Fascist Construction of Maternity in Italy During the Interwar Period by Mandy Kaempf / Translation from Russian to English: "The Nature Ethnic Park 'Beringia' - Results and Perspectives" by Jean Kollantai / Proposal to Improve Lighting Conditions at Moose Hill in Nunaka Valley Park by Michelle Steffens / Honorable Mention / Other PresentersYe

The Ethiopian intelligensia and the Italo-Ethiopian War 1935-1941

African Studies Center Papers in the African Humanities No. 15This paper was presented at a Humanities Workshop at Boston Universi1y in September 1991, as part of the Boston Universi1y research project on "African Expressions of the Colonial Experience." It was first prepared for the XIth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies in Addis Ababa, April 1-6 1991