24 research outputs found

    اِختراع التقاليد

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    تحتوي هذه الدراسةعلى "ترجمة من كتاب اختراع التقاليدالصفحات ( ﺍ- ٤ ) ومن (۲٦۰ -۳۰٧) "الذي حرره اريك هوبساوم و ترانس رانجر على اربعة فصول : القصل ألأول هو مقدمة في اختراع التقاليد ، و ألأختلاف بين العادات و التقاليد ، و أهمية هذا الكتاب . الفصل الثاني ، تأثير العادات و التقاليد على الرعايا و المهاجرين .يتحدث هذا الفصل عن الفكرة المضللة للسكان الأصلين للتقاليد و ذلك من أجلِ ألسيطرة على المهاجرين و تعزيز العادات الأستعمارية . الفصل الثالث يناقش العادات المجلوبة من أوروبا ، و التي مازالت تمارس قي بعض المناطق في قارة أفريقيا ، و الثقافة الأفريقية ، و الهيكل الكامل للعادات المادية و التي أخترعت عن طريق المستعمر. ألفصل الرابع يركز على الأنتاج الضخم للتقاليد التي حدثت قي أوروبا في الفترة ما بين ﺍ (٤ﺍ۹ﺍ-٨٧۰ﺍ) و التي شهدت تطورها بأستمرارية معينة لأغراض مختلفة

    Eucharistic belief and practice in Ireland, 1660-1740

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    In 1691, after the defeat of Jacobite forces by William III, the foregoing declaration against transubstantiation was included as part of the Act for abrogating the Oath of Supremacy in Ireland and appointing other oaths for all those who wished to enter public office. Just over a decade later, the Eucharist was again included in further penal legislation of 1704, when a sacramental test was appended to An act to prevent the further growth of popery. Now, instead of simply denying the central Eucharistic tenet of Roman Catholicism, officials had to publicly receive the sacrament in the Church of Ireland as a symbol of their political loyalty. This manifestation of the sacred in the secular world was the instigation for this thesis, and provides the fulcrum around which an analysis of Eucharistic practice and belief is arranged

    Eucharistic belief and practice in Ireland, 1660-1740

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    In 1691, after the defeat of Jacobite forces by William III, the foregoing declaration against transubstantiation was included as part of the Act for abrogating the Oath of Supremacy in Ireland and appointing other oaths for all those who wished to enter public office. Just over a decade later, the Eucharist was again included in further penal legislation of 1704, when a sacramental test was appended to An act to prevent the further growth of popery. Now, instead of simply denying the central Eucharistic tenet of Roman Catholicism, officials had to publicly receive the sacrament in the Church of Ireland as a symbol of their political loyalty. This manifestation of the sacred in the secular world was the instigation for this thesis, and provides the fulcrum around which an analysis of Eucharistic practice and belief is arranged

    TESTING THE ELITE: YALE COLLEGE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA, 1740-1815

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    It is the goal of this dissertation to investigate the institution of Yale College and those who called it home during the Revolutionary Period in America. In so doing, it is hoped that this study will inform a much larger debate about the very nature of the American Revolution itself. The role of various rectors and presidents will be considered, as well as those who worked for the institution and those who studied there. It will be demonstrated that while at various times the aforementioned groups helped propel the school to make changes, in the end, all constituencies tended towards a conservative course so as not to jeopardize the future of the institution or their individual prospects

    Fortress of the Soul

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    French Huguenots made enormous contributions to the life and culture of colonial New York during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Huguenot craftsmen were the city's most successful artisans, turning out unrivaled works of furniture which were distinguished by unique designs and arcane details. More than just decorative flourishes, however, the visual language employed by Huguenot artisans reflected a distinct belief system shaped during the religious wars of sixteenth-century France.In Fortress of the Soul, historian Neil Kamil traces the Huguenots' journey to New York from the Aunis-Saintonge region of southwestern France. There, in the sixteenth century, artisans had created a subterranean culture of clandestine workshops and meeting places inspired by the teachings of Bernard Palissy, a potter, alchemist, and philosopher who rejected the communal, militaristic ideology of the Huguenot majority which was centered in the walled city of La Rochelle. Palissy and his followers instead embraced a more fluid, portable, and discrete religious identity that encouraged members to practice their beliefs in secret while living safely—even prospering—as artisans in hostile communities. And when these artisans first fled France for England and Holland, then left Europe for America, they carried with them both their skills and their doctrine of artisanal security.Drawing on significant archival research and fresh interpretations of Huguenot material culture, Kamil offers an exhaustive and sophisticated study of the complex worldview of the Huguenot community. From the function of sacred violence and alchemy in the visual language of Huguenot artisans, to the impact among Protestants everywhere of the destruction of La Rochelle in 1628, to the ways in which New York's Huguenots interacted with each other and with other communities of religious dissenters and refugees, Fortress of the Soul brilliantly places American colonial history and material life firmly within the larger context of the early modern Atlantic world

    Glasgow's tobacco lords: an examination of wealth creators in the eighteenth century

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    This thesis examines the group known as the `tobacco lords' of Glasgow who made up the inner circle or elite of merchants trading to the American colonies in tobacco during the greater part of the eighteenth century, c. 1700 - 1780. As much work has already been done in the past to explain these merchants' activities and successes in the economic sphere, this thesis focuses instead on the social and ideological history of this group as related to their particular eighteenth-century environment in the city of Glasgow. This examination starts with an attempt to establish the criteria under which the personnel can be justifiably viewed as forming this inner circle; and thus establishes their numbers and origins and examines the process of their growth and expansion as they absorb new members in successive waves, as the importance and size of this elite develops throughout the eighteenth century with the expansion of the tobacco trade. The thesis then examines their business policies and the qualities which arose from this to give them success in their commercial ventures. Next, having established their place in the expanding commercial life of the city, the thesis turns to the less measurable aspects of their influence and examines first their political effects. It establishes the dominant ideological outlook as shown by their activities as leading members of the Town Council. As their wealth increased, giving them an opportunity to consolidate their social position through the acquisition of property in land, their political outlooks and views can be established also to some extent by examining the sides they took in electorial activity at the county level

    Industrial conflict in the development of technical education in England , 1850-1910, with special reference to the mechanical engineering industry.

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    This, study seeks to offer a sociological account of the emergence of non university technical education and its development In England in the period 1850-1910. The aim is to show that an explanation of the origin of the form and content of technical education needs to extend beyond changes In 19th century educational policies. An attempt is made therefore to trace the relationship between changes in control of the labour process as exemplified In one of the leading manufacturing industries, mechanical engineering, and developments in technical education. The argument is twofold: The forces underlying the substitution of unskilled for skilled workers and the implementation of new kinds of machines, were also those at work in the demise of the apprenticeship system and the development of a certain form of technical education. The skilled engineering workers' struggles to maintain the apprenticeship system against the employers' reluctance to support it, may be seen as also part of an explanation of the origin and development of technical education The importance of employers and skilled workers in these processes is acknowledged thereby, and a case Is argued, which existing sociological and historical accounts neglect, that the conflictual nature of the social relations of the industry represented an industrial struggle against which plans for a technical education system were being formulated. A key element is the analysis of the Great Strike and Lock-Out of 1897/1898, which is seen as the culmination of a series of conflicts originating in the 1850s. The outcome of the strike confirmed the economic 'short-termism' of employers, deriving from the dominant laissez faire doctrines of the period. Contradictions Inherent In short-term profit seeking at the level of individual employers and expectations from long term projections for a system of technical education at a national level, not only crucially influenced educational legislation, but fostered a neglect of technical education provision

    Thomas Erastus and the Palatinate

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    Utilizing Erastus’s correspondence, this book offers a synthetic treatment of Erastus’s career in the Palatinate including his role in the territory’s conversion, the Heidelberg Catechism, the church discipline controversy, as well as his refutation of Paracelsus and Johann Weyer. Readership: All those interested in intellectual history, Reformed Protestantism, Calvinism, the Second Reformation, the Heidelberg Catechism, church discipline, church and state in early modern Europe, Erastianism, Paracelsianism, Renaissance medicine, demonology, and witchcraft

    Thomas Erastus and the Palatinate

    Get PDF
    Utilizing Erastus’s correspondence, this book offers a synthetic treatment of Erastus’s career in the Palatinate including his role in the territory’s conversion, the Heidelberg Catechism, the church discipline controversy, as well as his refutation of Paracelsus and Johann Weyer. Readership: All those interested in intellectual history, Reformed Protestantism, Calvinism, the Second Reformation, the Heidelberg Catechism, church discipline, church and state in early modern Europe, Erastianism, Paracelsianism, Renaissance medicine, demonology, and witchcraft
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